Difference between revisions of "Chamaedorea arenbergiana"

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	{{Palmbox		{{Palmbox
	|image=Arenbergiana04z.jpg		|image=Arenbergiana04z.jpg
−	|image_caption=Photo by Ian Edwards, edric.	+	|image_caption=Photo by Ian Edwards.
	|genus=Chamaedorea <br>(kahm-eh-doh-REH-ah)		|genus=Chamaedorea <br>(kahm-eh-doh-REH-ah)
	|species=<br>arenbergiana <br>(ah-ren-burg'-ee-AHN-ah)		|species=<br>arenbergiana <br>(ah-ren-burg'-ee-AHN-ah)
	|subspecies=		|subspecies=
	|cultivar=		|cultivar=
−	|synonyms=	+	|synonyms= Chamaedorea  latifrons, Chamaedorea  latifolia, Chamaedorea  densiflora, Nunnezharia  latifrons, Nunnezharia  arenbergiana, Spathoscaphe  arenbergiana
	|continent=america		|continent=america
	|habit=Solitary		|habit=Solitary
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	|soil_type=		|soil_type=
	|msi=		|msi=
−	|common_names=Pacaya - Honduras; chim - Guatemala.	+	|common_names= Pacaya - Honduras, Chim - Guatemala.
	}}		}}
	==Habitat and Distribution==		==Habitat and Distribution==
−	''Chamaedorea arenbergiana'' is found in MEXICO. Chiapas. Oaxaca. Veracruz. GUATEMALA. Alta Verapaz. Baja Verapaz. Huehuetenango. San Marcos. HONDURAS. Atlantida. EL SALVADOR, NlCARAGUA, COSTA RICA, PANAMA, and COLOMBIA. Moist or wet forest on the Atlantic and Pacific slopes; alt. 100-1,500 m elevation. (Hodel, D.R. 1992)/Palmweb.	+	''Chamaedorea arenbergiana'' has a wide range and is found in MEXICO, GUATEMALA, HONDURAS,  [[Image:Arenbergianaz.jpg|thumb|left|400px||Photo by Colin Wilson]]EL SALVADOR, NlCARAGUA, COSTA RICA, PANAMA, and COLOMBIA - in moist or wet forest on both the Atlantic and Pacific slopes at elevations of 100- 1500 m.
−	[[Image:Arenbergianaz.jpg|thumb|left|400px||Photo by Colin Wilson, edric.]]	+
	==Description==		==Description==
−	Trunk type: Solitary, hosts dark green rings from leaf scars, when mature. Hight: To approximately 4 meters, (13'). Leaf detail: Leaves on young palm are v-shaped, mature leaf is pinnately compound, alternately apposed, widely spaced, dark green, rather wide, ovoid pinnae, to 15 centimeters, (6") long, Flower detail: Inflorescence is green. Has a dark green, ringed trunk, which has leaflets up to 15cm across, and an infructescence that looks like a green corn-on-the-cob. Similar in appearance to a small C. tepejilote , altho this species has much wider leaflets. Editing by edric.	+	''Chamaedorea arenbergiana'' is a faster growing solitary palm, erect to a height of 4 m, sometimes decumbent and flowering when stemless. Stems are 2-3 cm in diameter and are characterized by dark green rings from leaf scars, The infructescence is attractive in a garden setting, and could be compared in appearance to a green corn-on-the-cob. Editing by edric.
−	Habit: solitary, erect, rarely decumbent, to 4 m tall, sometimes flowering when stemless. Stem: 2-3 cm in diam. green, ringed, internodes 5-15 cm long. Leaves: 4-6 per crown, erect-spreading, pinnate, to 2-2.5 m long; sheath 30-45 cm long, obliquely open apically, auriculate; petiole 35-45 cm long, obtusely triangular, faintly channeled and green above, rounded and pale below; rachis 1-1.25 m long, angled and green above, rounded below with a pale band extending onto sheath; pinnae 8-10 on each side of rachis, largest ones 60 x 15 cm, rather elongate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, sigmoid, ± falcate, well spaced, very long-acuminate and drooping apically, contracted basally, 5-8 prominent primary nerves keeled above, shining and yellowish below, numerous nerves of lesser orders present. Inflorescences: infrafoliar, solitary, erect in flower, spreading or nodding in fruit; peduncles 15-20 cm long, ± stout, 1-1.5 cm in diam., green in flower, red-orange in fruit; bracts 5-6, fibrous, loosely sheathing, greenish brown or brown in flower often becoming tattered, longitu mally striate-nerved, upper ones exceeding peduncle. Staminate with rachis 3 cm long, pale in flower; rachillae 8-10, these 12-15 cm long, 8 mm diam., pendulous, pale in flower. Pistillate spicate or forked; rachis or flower-bearing portion 6-15 cm long, 1.5 cm or more in diam., orange and swollen in fruit. Flowers: Staminate in 6 dense spirals, contiguous in bud, 3 x 3.5-4 mm, depressed-globose, angled from mutual pressure, cream-colored to brownish white, ± superficial; calyx higher than petals and enclosing them in bud, 1.5 x 4 mm at anthesis, shallowly lobed, sepals connate nearly to apex, forming a sheathing tube, ± straight apically; corolla adnate with stamen filaments and pistillode in a very short basal stipe,	+	Precise identification of collected plants has proven elusive due to the difficulties of preserving the staminate material which is critical for diagnosis in this species. (Hodel)
−	{{read more top}}	+
−	petals 3.5-4 x 3 mm, broadly ovate, imbricate in basal 1/3-1/2, valvate and free apically, spreading, erect, rounded to acute, ± thick; stamens equalling petals, clear- or cream-colored, filaments prominent, distinct, anthers divaricate basally; pistillode 3.5-4 mm tall, equalling stamens and petals, columnar, apically 3-lobed, cream-colored. Pistillate very densely crowded in perhaps as many as 20 rows and ± sunken in axis; calyx nearly as high as petals, shallowly lobed, membranous, sepals connate nearly to apex, rounded to straight apically; petals imbricate nearly to apex, short-pointed; staminodes lacking; pistil ovoid, 3-lobed, stigma lobes sessile, short, recurved. Fruits: 12 x 19 mm, subglobose or transverse-oblong, densely packed, angled from mutual pressure, black; seeds 10-12 x 9-10 mm, oblong; abortive carpels usually separating from fruit and adhering to perianth. (Hodel, D.R. 1992)/Palmweb.	+
−		+
−	Apparently introduced to European gardens prior to 1850, Wendland (1854) described and named C. arenbergiana from plants cultivated in the gardens of the Duke d'Arenberg-Nieppen in Belgium. Wendland was unsure of its provenance, but tentatively listed its origin as Guatemala. According to Guillaumin (1923b), it was cultivated at the Musee de Paris in France as early as 1862 as C. densiflora. Chamaedorea arenbergiana occurs in moist and wet forest from Mexico through Guatemala, Honduras, and perhaps El Salvador and even further south in Central America and into northern South America. Some of the collections tentatively identified as C. arenbergiana which have extended its range to Costa Rica and Colombia are perhaps C. allenii, C. crucensis, or closely related, yet unnamed, taxa. Part ofthe difficulty in distinguishing between C. arenbergiana and related taxa (and thus establishing their true ranges) is that staminate material, which is critical for diagnosis, is infrequently found since it is fragile and deteriorates quickly. When only fruiting material is at hand, which is most often the case, diagnosis is difficult at best. I have yet to be able to establish diagnostic characters based only on foliage or fruiting material. C. arenbergiana is probably closest to C. nationsiana but the multiple, spicate staminate inflorescences distinguish this latter species. Chamaedorea arenbergiana is an attractive ornamental with large, handsome leaves, densely flowered, spicate or forked inflorescences, and corncoblike infructescences. It always draws attention in the garden when heavily laden with densely packed, black fruits. Pinnae of C. arenbergiana can be up to 15 cm wide, making them among the widest in the genus. C. arenbergiana is cultivated in Hawaii, California, Florida, Australia, and perhaps elsewhere. (Hodel, D.R. 1992)/Palmweb.	+
−	{{read more bottom}}	+
	==Culture==		==Culture==
−	Requirements: This is an understory palm. It has no wind tolerance, near full shade when young, heavily filtered light when mature, consistently moist soil, well drained position. Often grown more than one per container. Warm, sheltered and moist.	+	''Chamaedorea arenbergiana'' can be seen in cultivation, and is sometimes available from specialty nursersies. It is an understory palm. It has no wind tolerance, and needs near full shade when young, with heavily filtered light when mature. It will benefit from consistently moist soil, in a well drained position. It is often grown more than one per container. Probably hardy to near freezing, it would benefit and prefer warmer and milder conditions.
		+	<center>
		+	[[{{PFC}}http://www.palmpedia.net/palmsforcal/index.php5/Chamaedorea_arenbergiana]]
		+	</center>
	==Comments and Curiosities==		==Comments and Curiosities==
−	Chamaedorea are [[dioecious]], male, and female flowers, on separate plants.	+	Apparently introduced to Europe in the first half of the 19th century, plants were first described by Wendland from cultivated specimens  in the garden of the Duke d'Arenberg-Nieppen in Belgium - hence the epithet.
−	Etymology: Honors the Duke d'Arenberg- Nieppen, from whose garden the type originated.	+	Chamaedorea is a [[dioecious]] genus with male and female flowers occuring on separate plants. The Greek is translated to mean “gift on the ground” - possibly referring to the small stature and pleasant surprise of finding such a gem at your feet.
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	image:7023098885_04bf5f182c_k.jpg		image:7023098885_04bf5f182c_k.jpg
−	image:Arenbergianaz.jpg|Photo by Colin Wilson, edric.	+	image:Arenbergianaz.jpg|Photo by Colin Wilson
−	image:Arenbergiana02z.jpg|Photo by Colin Wilson, edric.	+	image:Arenbergiana02z.jpg|Photo by Colin Wilson
−	image:Arenbergiana03z.jpg|Photo by Colin Wilson, edric.	+	image:Arenbergiana03z.jpg|Photo by Colin Wilson
−	image:Arenbergiana04z.jpg|Photo by Ian Edwards, edric.	+	image:Arenbergiana04z.jpg|Photo by Ian Edwards
−	image:Arenbergiana05z.jpg|Photo by Ian Edwards, edric.	+	image:Arenbergiana05z.jpg|Photo by Ian Edwards
	image:Chamaedorea_amabilisz.jpg		image:Chamaedorea_amabilisz.jpg
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	image:Chamare0005.jpg		image:Chamare0005.jpg
−	image:Chamare0006.jpg|California. Photo by Geoff Stein, edric.	+	image:Chamare0006.jpg|California. Photo by Geoff Stein
−	image:Chamaedoria arenbergianum mine.jpg|California. Photo by Geoff Stein, edric.	+	image:Chamaedoria arenbergianum mine.jpg|California. Photo by Geoff Stein
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Latest revision as of 09:32, 10 January 2016

Chamaedorea (kahm-eh-doh-REH-ah) arenbergiana (ah-ren-burg'-ee-AHN-ah)
Photo by Ian Edwards.
Scientific Classification
Genus: Chamaedorea (kahm-eh-doh-REH-ah) Species: arenbergiana (ah-ren-burg'-ee-AHN-ah)
Synonyms
Chamaedorea latifrons, Chamaedorea latifolia, Chamaedorea densiflora, Nunnezharia latifrons, Nunnezharia arenbergiana, Spathoscaphe arenbergiana
Native Continent
America
Morphology
Habit: Solitary Leaf type: Pinnate
Culture
Survivability index
Common names
Pacaya - Honduras, Chim - Guatemala.

Habitat and Distribution

Chamaedorea arenbergiana has a wide range and is found in MEXICO, GUATEMALA, HONDURAS, EL SALVADOR, NlCARAGUA, COSTA RICA, PANAMA, and COLOMBIA - in moist or wet forest on both the Atlantic and Pacific slopes at elevations of 100- 1500 m.

Description

Chamaedorea arenbergiana is a faster growing solitary palm, erect to a height of 4 m, sometimes decumbent and flowering when stemless. Stems are 2-3 cm in diameter and are characterized by dark green rings from leaf scars, The infructescence is attractive in a garden setting, and could be compared in appearance to a green corn-on-the-cob. Editing by edric.

Precise identification of collected plants has proven elusive due to the difficulties of preserving the staminate material which is critical for diagnosis in this species. (Hodel)

Culture

Chamaedorea arenbergiana can be seen in cultivation, and is sometimes available from specialty nursersies. It is an understory palm. It has no wind tolerance, and needs near full shade when young, with heavily filtered light when mature. It will benefit from consistently moist soil, in a well drained position. It is often grown more than one per container. Probably hardy to near freezing, it would benefit and prefer warmer and milder conditions.

Comments and Curiosities

Apparently introduced to Europe in the first half of the 19th century, plants were first described by Wendland from cultivated specimens in the garden of the Duke d'Arenberg-Nieppen in Belgium - hence the epithet.

Chamaedorea is a dioecious genus with male and female flowers occuring on separate plants. The Greek is translated to mean “gift on the ground” - possibly referring to the small stature and pleasant surprise of finding such a gem at your feet.