Difference between revisions of "Livistona inermis"

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[[Image:Li81099623.jpg|thumb|left|820px|Katherine Gorge, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory, Australia. (Aug. 1979) Photo by Paul Meir, edric.]]
 
 
{{Palmbox
 
{{Palmbox
 
|image=Li78129106.jpg
 
|image=Li78129106.jpg
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|image_caption=Katherine Gorge, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory, Australia. Scan from color slide (Aug. 1979) Photo by Paul Meir, edric.
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|image_caption=Katherine Gorge, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory, Australia. Scan from color slide (Aug. 1979) Photo by Paul Meir
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|genus=Livistona (liv-iss-TOH-nuh)
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|genus=Livistona (liv-iss-TOH-nah)
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|species=inermis (ee-NEHR-miss)
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|species=<br>inermis (ee-NEHR-miss)
 
|subspecies=
 
|subspecies=
 
|variety=
 
|variety=
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|continent=oceania
 
|continent=oceania
 
|habit=Solitary
 
|habit=Solitary
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|leaf_type=Pinnate
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|leaf_type=Costapalmate
 
|height=
 
|height=
 
|trunk_diameter=
 
|trunk_diameter=
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|soil_type=
 
|soil_type=
 
|msi=
 
|msi=
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|common_names=
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|common_names=Wispy Fan Palm
 
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}}
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{{Palm Page}}
 
 
==Habitat and Distribution==
 
==Habitat and Distribution==
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Australia. Northern Territory and Queensland. In the northern part of the Northern Territory from the headwaters of the Daly R. across the Top End inland to Katherine. In northwest Queensland, including nearshore islands in the Gulf of Carpentaria. Grows in open forest and woodland and in sandstone gorges and outcrops, 2-300 m alt. (Dowe, J.L.)/Palmweb.
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Australia. Northern Territory and Queensland. In the northern part of the Northern Territory from the headwaters of the Daly R. across the Top End inland to Katherine. [[image:Li81099623.jpg|thumb|left|500px|Katherine Gorge, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory, Australia. (Aug. 1979) Photo by Paul Meir]]In northwest Queensland, including nearshore islands in the Gulf of Carpentaria. Grows in open forest and woodland and in sandstone gorges and outcrops, 2-300 m alt. (Dowe, J.L.)/Palmweb.
 
==Description==
 
==Description==
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Functionally [[dioecious]] palm. Trunk to 10 m tall, 6-10 cm in diameter; breast high, leaf scars prominently raised, internodes narrow, grey, persistent petiole stubs in the lower portion only. Leaves 10-30 in a globose crown; petiole arching, 60- 90 cm long, 6-10 mm wide, adaxially flat or shallowly concave, margins with small single curved reddish to black spines to 5 mm long restricted to the proximal portion, distally smooth or with widely spaced small reddish to black calli to 1 mm long; leaf-base fibres moderately prominent, coarse, persistent; lamina costapalmate, regularly segmented, circular to subcircular, 30-70 cm long, coriaceous, adaxially light green to greengrey, abaxially lighter green-grey glossy to lightly pruinose, segments extended along the costa; lamina divided for 80-97% of its length, with 24-48 segments, depth of apical cleft 70-84% of the segment length, apical lobes acuminate to filiform, rigid to semipendulous; parallel veins 8-10 each side of midrib; transverse veins thinner than parallel veins. Inflorescences unbranched at the base, not sexually dimorphic, 40-90 cm long, not extending beyond the limit of the crown, branched to 3 orders; partial inflorescences ca 3; the most basal partial inflorescence about as long as the remainder of the inflorescence; prophyll 12-28 cm long, 2-3 cm wide, papyraceous, glabrous; peduncular bract(s) lacking; rachis bracts loosely tubular, papyraceous, glabrous, slightly pubescent toward the apex; rudimentary bracts subtend the distal partial inflorescences; rachillae 1-9 cm long, glabrous. Flowers solitary or in clusters of 2-3, funnel-shaped, 1.5-2.3 mm long, white to cream or yellow; sepals narrowly triangular, 0.7-1.4 mm long, membranous, acute; petals triangular to broadly ovate, 1.5-1.9 mm long, thick, acute to apiculate; stamens 1.5-1.6 mm long; anthers bright yellow. Fruit obovoid to pyriform, 10-13 mm long, 6-7 mm in diam., glossy black; epicarp smooth; suture line extends the length of the fruit, marked with lip-like structures; mesocarp fleshy; endocarp thin. Seed ellipsoid, 8-9 mm long. Eophyll 3-ribbed. (Dowe, J.L.)/Palmweb. Editing by edric.
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Functionally [[dioecious]] palm. Trunk to 10 m tall, 6-10 cm in diameter; breast high, leaf scars prominently raised, internodes narrow, grey, persistent petiole stubs in the lower portion only. Leaves 10-30 in a globose crown; petiole arching, 60- 90 cm long, 6-10 mm wide, adaxially flat or shallowly concave, margins with small single curved reddish to black spines to 5 mm long restricted to the proximal portion, distally smooth or with widely spaced small reddish to black calli to 1 mm long; leaf-base fibres moderately prominent, coarse, persistent; lamina costapalmate, regularly segmented, circular to subcircular, 30-70 cm long, coriaceous, adaxially light green to greengrey, abaxially lighter green-grey glossy to lightly pruinose, segments extended along the costa; lamina divided for 80-97% of its length, with 24-48 segments, depth of apical cleft 70-84% of the segment length, apical lobes acuminate to filiform, rigid to semipendulous; parallel veins 8-10 each side of midrib; transverse veins thinner than parallel veins. Inflorescences unbranched at the base, not sexually dimorphic, 40-90 cm long, not extending beyond the limit of the crown, branched to 3 orders; partial inflorescences ca 3; the most basal partial inflorescence about as long as the remainder of the inflorescence; prophyll 12-28 cm long, 2-3 cm wide, papyraceous, glabrous; peduncular bract(s) lacking; rachis bracts loosely tubular, papyraceous, glabrous, slightly pubescent toward the apex; rudimentary bracts subtend the distal partial inflorescences; rachillae 1-9 cm long, glabrous. Flowers solitary or in clusters of 2-3, funnel-shaped, 1.5-2.3 mm long, white to cream or yellow; sepals narrowly triangular, 0.7-1.4 mm long, membranous, acute; petals triangular to broadly ovate, 1.5-1.9 mm long, thick, acute to apiculate; stamens 1.5-1.6 mm long; anthers bright yellow. Fruit obovoid to pyriform, 10-13 mm long, 6-7 mm in diam., glossy black; epicarp smooth; suture line extends the length of the fruit, marked with lip-like structures; mesocarp fleshy; endocarp thin. Seed ellipsoid, 8-9 mm long. Eophyll 3-ribbed. (Dowe, J.L.)/Palmweb. Edting by edric.
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{{read more top}}
 
Livistona inermis was one of two species described by Brown (1810) in establishing Livistona, based on the collection Brown s.n. from Sir Edward Pellew Islands, Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia in 1802, and named for the unarmed petioles. The other species was L. humilis. The identity of L. inermis has been confused by many taxonomists. For example, Wendland and Drude (1875) established their description of L. inermis on specimens of what is now known to be L. decora, while Bentham (1878) suggested that ??it may prove to be a variety only of L. humilis?. Drude (1893) placed it as a possible synonym of L. leichhardtii (= L. humilis). Beccari (1931) applied considerable discussion on the true identity of L. inermis and provided the first account that succinctly characterised the species, thus profoundly separating it from L. humilis. Saribus inermis was a combination proposed by Kuntze (1891). Subsequent records of L. inermis in various flora and regional accounts have been somewhat variable. It was correctly recorded and described by Ewart and Davies (1917) and Blake (1954), while Specht and Mountford (1958) confused it with L. humilis and Chippendale (1972) identified it as L. lorophylla. Gardner (1930) named the Western Australian populations of L. lorophylla as L. inermis. Rodd (1998) described L. inermis with a ?sometimes branching? trunk. Although the stem may be damaged and form ?spontaneous branching? (?freak branching? cf. Tomlinson, 1990), it is not a naturally occurring event. Spontaneous branching is usually the result of physical damage to the apical meristem, with the result that more than one growing point can develop. During fieldwork, populations of L. inermis were observed in which individual plants were tightly grouped and may be incorrectly revealed that ?branches? were indeed separate plants or individuals that had been damage by fire or termites. Livistona inermis is a moderate sub-canopy palm to 10 m tall; leaves are small and regularly segmented; segment apices are rigid to semipendulous, and with a bifurcate cleft to 84% of the segment length; the petiole is unarmed, or with very small spines or calli; the inflorescence is unbranched, not extending beyond the limit of the crown, and with up to 3 partial inflorescences; bracts are loosely tubular; flowers are white to cream; fruit are obovoid to pyriform, to 13 mm long to 7 mm wide, and glossy black at maturity. (Dowe, J.L.)/Palmweb.
 
Livistona inermis was one of two species described by Brown (1810) in establishing Livistona, based on the collection Brown s.n. from Sir Edward Pellew Islands, Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia in 1802, and named for the unarmed petioles. The other species was L. humilis. The identity of L. inermis has been confused by many taxonomists. For example, Wendland and Drude (1875) established their description of L. inermis on specimens of what is now known to be L. decora, while Bentham (1878) suggested that ??it may prove to be a variety only of L. humilis?. Drude (1893) placed it as a possible synonym of L. leichhardtii (= L. humilis). Beccari (1931) applied considerable discussion on the true identity of L. inermis and provided the first account that succinctly characterised the species, thus profoundly separating it from L. humilis. Saribus inermis was a combination proposed by Kuntze (1891). Subsequent records of L. inermis in various flora and regional accounts have been somewhat variable. It was correctly recorded and described by Ewart and Davies (1917) and Blake (1954), while Specht and Mountford (1958) confused it with L. humilis and Chippendale (1972) identified it as L. lorophylla. Gardner (1930) named the Western Australian populations of L. lorophylla as L. inermis. Rodd (1998) described L. inermis with a ?sometimes branching? trunk. Although the stem may be damaged and form ?spontaneous branching? (?freak branching? cf. Tomlinson, 1990), it is not a naturally occurring event. Spontaneous branching is usually the result of physical damage to the apical meristem, with the result that more than one growing point can develop. During fieldwork, populations of L. inermis were observed in which individual plants were tightly grouped and may be incorrectly revealed that ?branches? were indeed separate plants or individuals that had been damage by fire or termites. Livistona inermis is a moderate sub-canopy palm to 10 m tall; leaves are small and regularly segmented; segment apices are rigid to semipendulous, and with a bifurcate cleft to 84% of the segment length; the petiole is unarmed, or with very small spines or calli; the inflorescence is unbranched, not extending beyond the limit of the crown, and with up to 3 partial inflorescences; bracts are loosely tubular; flowers are white to cream; fruit are obovoid to pyriform, to 13 mm long to 7 mm wide, and glossy black at maturity. (Dowe, J.L.)/Palmweb.
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{{read more bottom}}
 
==Culture==
 
==Culture==
  
 
==Comments and Curiosities==
 
==Comments and Curiosities==
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Phenology: Flowers Mar-Aug; fruits Jun-Sept.  
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Phenology: Flowers Aug-Mar; fruits Jun-Sept.  
  
 
Conservation: Least concern. (Dowe, J.L.)/Palmweb.
 
Conservation: Least concern. (Dowe, J.L.)/Palmweb.
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"I've tried small ones here quite a few times and none make it through the summer, they all get bud rot." (Eric; Botanist H.P. Leu Gardens, Orlando, FL.)
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{{#Widget:AdResban}}
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<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="" widths="" heights="">
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Image:Linermisoverall.jpg|South Florida.
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Image:Linermisleaf.jpg|South Florida.
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Image:Linermiscrown.jpg|South Florida.
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Image:Linermistrunk.jpg|South Florida.
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Image:Linermispetiole.jpg|South Florida.
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Image:Linermisscale.jpg|Photo:MattyB - Taken In Between Bathroom Visits. Paul Denton giving scale.
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image:Li78129106.jpg|Katherine Gorge, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory, Australia. Scan from color slide (Aug. 1979) Photo by Paul Meir
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image:Li81099623.jpg|Katherine Gorge, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory, Australia. (Aug. 1979) Photo by Paul Meir
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image:Li80782660.jpg|Katherine Gorge, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory, Australia. (Aug. 1979) Photo by Paul Meir
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image:2340339046_65f0cfdd1e_o.jpg|George Brown Darwin Botanic Gardens, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by Dr. Tony Rodd
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image:2340338632_c55bb27676_o.jpg|George Brown Darwin Botanic Gardens, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by Dr. Tony Rodd
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image:2330200703_a2af8631fc_o.jpg|Northern Territory, a few kilometres north of Katherine beside Stuart Highway, among limestone outcrops. Photo by Dr. Tony Rodd
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image:2331026034_17bced21a8_o.jpg|Northern Territory, a few kilometres north of Katherine beside Stuart Highway, among limestone outcrops. Photo by Dr. Tony Rodd
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image:2330200415_2c621a3025_o.jpg|Northern Territory, a few kilometres north of Katherine beside Stuart Highway, among limestone outcrops. Photo by Dr. Tony Rodd
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image:2330199587_2d1d35d34c_o.jpg|Northern Territory, a few kilometres north of Katherine beside Stuart Highway, among limestone outcrops. Photo by Dr. Tony Rodd
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image:2330199243_51bd4b3010_o.jpg|Northern Territory, a few kilometres north of Katherine beside Stuart Highway, among limestone outcrops. Photo by Dr. Tony Rodd
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image:Inermis.jpg|In habitat. Photo by Colin Wilson
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image:Inermis02.jpg|In habitat. Photo by Colin Wilson
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image:Inermis03.jpg|In habitat. Photo by Colin Wilson
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image:Inermis04.jpg|In habitat. Photo by Colin Wilson
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image:Lipost-42-0-67927400-1349273011.jpg|Nong Nooch Botanicl Garden, Thailand. Photo by Daryl O'Connor
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image:4141215729_4098ddff88_o.jpg|MInho Litoral Portugal. Photo by Palmsmaciel
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image:Li90eb.jpg|Fairchild Botanic Garden, Coral Gables, FL. Photo by H.P. Leu Gardens Botanist Eric S.
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image:6aeda3.jpg|Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze
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image:Fc3318.jpg|Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze
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image:Fddac1.jpg|Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze
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image:B30e73.jpg|Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze
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image:Lipost-4226-1271069675767.jpg|Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze
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image:Lipost-4226-12710697862111.jpg|Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze
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image:Lipost-4226-12710699354374.jpg|Northern Territory, Australia. "Young plant growing out of crack in rock face." Photo by tropicbreeze
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image:Lipost-4226-12710700608437.jpg|Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze
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image:Lipost-4226-12710701871468.jpg|Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze
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image:Lipost-4226-1271070833351.jpg|Nitmiluk National Park, Katherine, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze
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image:Lipost-4226-12710709202852.jpg|Nitmiluk National Park, Katherine, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze
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image:Lipost-4226-12710707330121.jpg|Nitmiluk National Park, Katherine, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze
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image:Lipost-4226-12710703507559.jpg|Nitmiluk National Park, Katherine, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze
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image:Lipost-4226-12710704717389.jpg|Nitmiluk National Park, Katherine, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze
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image:Lipost-4226-12710706179336.jpg|Nitmiluk National Park, Katherine, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze
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image:Lipost-4226-12710710352284.jpg|Nitmiluk National Park, Katherine, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze
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image:Lipost-4226-12710714285357.jpg|Nitmiluk National Park, Katherine, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze
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image:Lipost-4226-12710712972314.jpg|Nitmiluk National Park, Katherine, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze
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image:Lipost-4226-12710715779671.jpg|Nitmiluk National Park, Katherine, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze
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image:InermisB02.jpg|In habitat. Photo by Gary Beaumont
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image:InermisB03.jpg|In habitat. Photo by Gary Beaumont
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image:InermisB04.jpg|In habitat. Photo by Gary Beaumont
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image:5659435804_b6083cb833_o.jpg|Livistona inermis, Barrk Walk, Nourlangie Rock, Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by Russell Cumming
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image:5658862239_63d5b22546_o.jpg|Livistona inermis, Barrk Walk, Nourlangie Rock, Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by Russell Cumming
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image:5658863317_7295249343_o.jpg|Livistona inermis, Barrk Walk, Nourlangie Rock, Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by Russell Cumming
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image:5558523618_72248ec1e0_o.jpg|Barrawai Lookout, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by Russell Cumming
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image:5559710722_9493c6e058_o.jpg|On sandstone, Windolf Track, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by Russell Cumming
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File:len01.jpg|Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.
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File:len02.jpg|Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.
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File:len03.jpg|Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.
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File:len04.jpg|Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.
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File:len05.jpg|Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.
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File:len06.jpg|Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.
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File:len07.jpg|Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.
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File:len08.jpg|Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.
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File:len09.jpg|Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.
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File:len11.jpg|Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.
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File:len12.jpg|Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.
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File:len13.jpg|Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.
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File:len14.jpg|Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.
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File:len15.jpg|Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.
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File:len16.jpg|Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.
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File:len17.jpg|Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.
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File:len18.jpg|Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.
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File:len19.jpg|Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.
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File:len21.jpg|Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.
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File:len22.jpg|Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.
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File:len23.jpg|Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.
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File:len24.jpg|Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.
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File:len25.jpg|Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.
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File:len26.jpg|Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.
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File:len27.jpg|Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.
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File:len20.jpg|Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.
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File:len28.jpg|Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.
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File:len30.jpg|Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.
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image:4331703189_022443f47e_o.jpg|growing on sandstone escarpments in Kakadu Australia. Photo by eyeweed
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File:066_2.jpg|Katherine Gorge, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by Dr. M. Fagg.
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File:065_2.jpg|Katherine Gorge, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by Dr. M. Fagg.
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File:659489.jpg|SoCal. Photo by Geoff Stein.
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File:livistona-inermis.jpg|Katherine Gorge, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo-Rare Palm Seeds.com
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image:Limap.png
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</gallery></center>
 
==External Links==
 
==External Links==
 
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]
 
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]
 
*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]
 
*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]
 
*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]
 
*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]
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*[http://rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/73166/Tel8Rod049.pdf Revision of Livistona (Arecaceae) in Australia, By Dr. A.N. Rodd]
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*[http://baa.univpgri-palembang.ac.id/perpus-fkip/Perpustakaan/Geography/Biogeography/%5BJohn_Leslie_Dowe%5D_Australian_Palms_Biogeography,(BookFi.org).pdf Australian Palms, By John Leslie Dowe]
 
==References==
 
==References==
 
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.
 
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.
  
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Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos, edric.
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Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.
  
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Special thanks to [http://palmweb.org/?q=node/2 Palmweb.org], Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos, edric.
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Special thanks to [http://palmweb.org/?q=node/2 Palmweb.org], Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.
  
 
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).
 
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).
Line 50: Line 143:
 
Dowe, J.L., A taxonomic account of Livistona R.Br. (Arecaceae). A taxonomic account of Livistona R.Br. (Arecaceae).
 
Dowe, J.L., A taxonomic account of Livistona R.Br. (Arecaceae). A taxonomic account of Livistona R.Br. (Arecaceae).
  
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image:Li78129106.jpg|Katherine Gorge, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory, Australia. Scan from color slide (Aug. 1979) Photo by Paul Meir, edric.
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image:Li81099623.jpg|Katherine Gorge, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory, Australia. (Aug. 1979) Photo by Paul Meir, edric.
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image:2330200415_2c621a3025_o.jpg|Northern Territory, a few kilometres north of Katherine beside Stuart Highway, among limestone outcrops. Photo by Tony Rodd, edric.
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[[Category:LIVISTONA|inermis]]
 
[[Category:LIVISTONA|inermis]]

Latest revision as of 23:10, 25 September 2016

Livistona (liv-iss-TOH-nah)
inermis (ee-NEHR-miss)
Li78129106.jpg
Katherine Gorge, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory, Australia. Scan from color slide (Aug. 1979) Photo by Paul Meir
Scientific Classification
Genus: Livistona (liv-iss-TOH-nah)
Species:
inermis (ee-NEHR-miss)
Synonyms
None set.
Native Continent
Oceania
Oceania.gif
Morphology
Habit: Solitary
Leaf type: Costapalmate
Culture
Survivability index
Common names
Wispy Fan Palm

Habitat and Distribution

Australia. Northern Territory and Queensland. In the northern part of the Northern Territory from the headwaters of the Daly R. across the Top End inland to Katherine.
Katherine Gorge, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory, Australia. (Aug. 1979) Photo by Paul Meir
In northwest Queensland, including nearshore islands in the Gulf of Carpentaria. Grows in open forest and woodland and in sandstone gorges and outcrops, 2-300 m alt. (Dowe, J.L.)/Palmweb.

Description

Functionally dioecious palm. Trunk to 10 m tall, 6-10 cm in diameter; breast high, leaf scars prominently raised, internodes narrow, grey, persistent petiole stubs in the lower portion only. Leaves 10-30 in a globose crown; petiole arching, 60- 90 cm long, 6-10 mm wide, adaxially flat or shallowly concave, margins with small single curved reddish to black spines to 5 mm long restricted to the proximal portion, distally smooth or with widely spaced small reddish to black calli to 1 mm long; leaf-base fibres moderately prominent, coarse, persistent; lamina costapalmate, regularly segmented, circular to subcircular, 30-70 cm long, coriaceous, adaxially light green to greengrey, abaxially lighter green-grey glossy to lightly pruinose, segments extended along the costa; lamina divided for 80-97% of its length, with 24-48 segments, depth of apical cleft 70-84% of the segment length, apical lobes acuminate to filiform, rigid to semipendulous; parallel veins 8-10 each side of midrib; transverse veins thinner than parallel veins. Inflorescences unbranched at the base, not sexually dimorphic, 40-90 cm long, not extending beyond the limit of the crown, branched to 3 orders; partial inflorescences ca 3; the most basal partial inflorescence about as long as the remainder of the inflorescence; prophyll 12-28 cm long, 2-3 cm wide, papyraceous, glabrous; peduncular bract(s) lacking; rachis bracts loosely tubular, papyraceous, glabrous, slightly pubescent toward the apex; rudimentary bracts subtend the distal partial inflorescences; rachillae 1-9 cm long, glabrous. Flowers solitary or in clusters of 2-3, funnel-shaped, 1.5-2.3 mm long, white to cream or yellow; sepals narrowly triangular, 0.7-1.4 mm long, membranous, acute; petals triangular to broadly ovate, 1.5-1.9 mm long, thick, acute to apiculate; stamens 1.5-1.6 mm long; anthers bright yellow. Fruit obovoid to pyriform, 10-13 mm long, 6-7 mm in diam., glossy black; epicarp smooth; suture line extends the length of the fruit, marked with lip-like structures; mesocarp fleshy; endocarp thin. Seed ellipsoid, 8-9 mm long. Eophyll 3-ribbed. (Dowe, J.L.)/Palmweb. Edting by edric.

read more

Livistona inermis was one of two species described by Brown (1810) in establishing Livistona, based on the collection Brown s.n. from Sir Edward Pellew Islands, Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia in 1802, and named for the unarmed petioles. The other species was L. humilis. The identity of L. inermis has been confused by many taxonomists. For example, Wendland and Drude (1875) established their description of L. inermis on specimens of what is now known to be L. decora, while Bentham (1878) suggested that ??it may prove to be a variety only of L. humilis?. Drude (1893) placed it as a possible synonym of L. leichhardtii (= L. humilis). Beccari (1931) applied considerable discussion on the true identity of L. inermis and provided the first account that succinctly characterised the species, thus profoundly separating it from L. humilis. Saribus inermis was a combination proposed by Kuntze (1891). Subsequent records of L. inermis in various flora and regional accounts have been somewhat variable. It was correctly recorded and described by Ewart and Davies (1917) and Blake (1954), while Specht and Mountford (1958) confused it with L. humilis and Chippendale (1972) identified it as L. lorophylla. Gardner (1930) named the Western Australian populations of L. lorophylla as L. inermis. Rodd (1998) described L. inermis with a ?sometimes branching? trunk. Although the stem may be damaged and form ?spontaneous branching? (?freak branching? cf. Tomlinson, 1990), it is not a naturally occurring event. Spontaneous branching is usually the result of physical damage to the apical meristem, with the result that more than one growing point can develop. During fieldwork, populations of L. inermis were observed in which individual plants were tightly grouped and may be incorrectly revealed that ?branches? were indeed separate plants or individuals that had been damage by fire or termites. Livistona inermis is a moderate sub-canopy palm to 10 m tall; leaves are small and regularly segmented; segment apices are rigid to semipendulous, and with a bifurcate cleft to 84% of the segment length; the petiole is unarmed, or with very small spines or calli; the inflorescence is unbranched, not extending beyond the limit of the crown, and with up to 3 partial inflorescences; bracts are loosely tubular; flowers are white to cream; fruit are obovoid to pyriform, to 13 mm long to 7 mm wide, and glossy black at maturity. (Dowe, J.L.)/Palmweb.

Culture

Comments and Curiosities

Phenology: Flowers Aug-Mar; fruits Jun-Sept.

Conservation: Least concern. (Dowe, J.L.)/Palmweb.

"I've tried small ones here quite a few times and none make it through the summer, they all get bud rot." (Eric; Botanist H.P. Leu Gardens, Orlando, FL.)



  • IMAGE GALLERY

  • South Florida.

  • South Florida.

  • South Florida.

  • South Florida.

  • South Florida.

  • Photo:MattyB - Taken In Between Bathroom Visits. Paul Denton giving scale.

  • Katherine Gorge, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory, Australia. Scan from color slide (Aug. 1979) Photo by Paul Meir

  • Katherine Gorge, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory, Australia. (Aug. 1979) Photo by Paul Meir

  • Katherine Gorge, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory, Australia. (Aug. 1979) Photo by Paul Meir

  • George Brown Darwin Botanic Gardens, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by Dr. Tony Rodd

  • George Brown Darwin Botanic Gardens, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by Dr. Tony Rodd

  • Northern Territory, a few kilometres north of Katherine beside Stuart Highway, among limestone outcrops. Photo by Dr. Tony Rodd

  • Northern Territory, a few kilometres north of Katherine beside Stuart Highway, among limestone outcrops. Photo by Dr. Tony Rodd

  • Northern Territory, a few kilometres north of Katherine beside Stuart Highway, among limestone outcrops. Photo by Dr. Tony Rodd

  • Northern Territory, a few kilometres north of Katherine beside Stuart Highway, among limestone outcrops. Photo by Dr. Tony Rodd

  • Northern Territory, a few kilometres north of Katherine beside Stuart Highway, among limestone outcrops. Photo by Dr. Tony Rodd

  • In habitat. Photo by Colin Wilson

  • In habitat. Photo by Colin Wilson

  • In habitat. Photo by Colin Wilson

  • In habitat. Photo by Colin Wilson

  • Nong Nooch Botanicl Garden, Thailand. Photo by Daryl O'Connor

  • MInho Litoral Portugal. Photo by Palmsmaciel

  • Fairchild Botanic Garden, Coral Gables, FL. Photo by H.P. Leu Gardens Botanist Eric S.

  • Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze

  • Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze

  • Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze

  • Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze

  • Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze

  • Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze

  • Northern Territory, Australia. "Young plant growing out of crack in rock face." Photo by tropicbreeze

  • Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze

  • Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze

  • Nitmiluk National Park, Katherine, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze

  • Nitmiluk National Park, Katherine, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze

  • Nitmiluk National Park, Katherine, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze

  • Nitmiluk National Park, Katherine, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze

  • Nitmiluk National Park, Katherine, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze

  • Nitmiluk National Park, Katherine, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze

  • Nitmiluk National Park, Katherine, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze

  • Nitmiluk National Park, Katherine, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze

  • Nitmiluk National Park, Katherine, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze

  • Nitmiluk National Park, Katherine, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze

  • In habitat. Photo by Gary Beaumont

  • In habitat. Photo by Gary Beaumont

  • In habitat. Photo by Gary Beaumont

  • Livistona inermis, Barrk Walk, Nourlangie Rock, Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by Russell Cumming

  • Livistona inermis, Barrk Walk, Nourlangie Rock, Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by Russell Cumming

  • Livistona inermis, Barrk Walk, Nourlangie Rock, Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by Russell Cumming

  • Barrawai Lookout, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by Russell Cumming

  • On sandstone, Windolf Track, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by Russell Cumming

  • Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.

  • Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.

  • Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.

  • Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.

  • Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.

  • Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.

  • Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.

  • Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.

  • Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.

  • Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.

  • Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.

  • Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.

  • Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.

  • Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.

  • Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.

  • Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.

  • Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.

  • Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.

  • Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.

  • Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.

  • Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.

  • Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.

  • Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.

  • Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.

  • Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.

  • Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.

  • Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.

  • Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) covers a vast area of escarpment country, including 13 gorges carved from the ancient sandstone. 244 km southeast of Darwin, NT Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.

  • growing on sandstone escarpments in Kakadu Australia. Photo by eyeweed

  • Katherine Gorge, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by Dr. M. Fagg.

  • Katherine Gorge, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by Dr. M. Fagg.

  • SoCal. Photo by Geoff Stein.

  • Katherine Gorge, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo-Rare Palm Seeds.com

  • Limap.png

External Links

References

Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.

Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.

Special thanks to Palmweb.org, Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.

Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).

Dowe, J.L., A taxonomic account of Livistona R.Br. (Arecaceae). A taxonomic account of Livistona R.Br. (Arecaceae).



Many Special Thanks to Ed Vaile for his long hours of tireless editing and numerous contributions.

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