Difference between revisions of "Kentiopsis pyriformis"

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*[http://www2.palmpedia.net/wiki/Category:Palms_of_New_Caledonia SUB CATEGORY PALMS OF NEW CALEDONIA]
 
 
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[[Image:Kentpy01.jpg|thumb|left|420px|Port Boisé, New Caledonia.]]
 
 
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|image=GBPIX_photo_282099.jpg
 
|image_caption=Port Boisé, New Caledonia.
 
|image_caption=Port Boisé, New Caledonia.
|genus='''''Kentiopsis'''''
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|genus=Kentiopsis (Kent-ee-OHP-sis)
|species='''''pyriformis'''''
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|species=pyriformis (py-rih-FOR-mis)
 
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{{Palm Page}}
 
 
==Habitat and Distribution==
 
==Habitat and Distribution==
Endemic to New Caledonia. Kentiopsis pyriformis, ranges from along the east coast of New Caledonia south of Yaté, where it occurs in a fringe of forest 20 km. long, and 100-500 m. wide, from Touaourou to Goro villages at 5-100 m. elevation, inland to the southwest about 11.5 air kilometers distant, in remnant patches of forest at about 200 m. elevation, at the southern end of Monts Nengone, near Port Boisé. The main population is at Goro on a steep, unstable, rocky slope,  above the mouth of Kuebini River. Ecology: A more or less gregarious subcanopy to canopy species, Kentiopsis pyriformis is found in lowland rain forest, on ultramafic rocks, both on oxydic colluvium on flat land, and steep, rocky, eroded slopes of peridotitic mountains and hills. The largest and more gregarious population at the Kuebini River near Goro, grows with other palms including Actinokentia divaricata, Basselinia pancheri, Clinosperma bracteale, and Cyphokentia macrostachya. The population near Port Boisé is much smaller, and the individuals more scattered. Associated palms there include A. divaricata, B. gracilis, B. pancheri, and Chambeyronia nmacrocarpa.  
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Endemic to New Caledonia. Kentiopsis pyriformis, ranges from along the east coast of New [[File:19713675385_43a4d955b1_o.jpg|thumb|left|400px|New Caledonia. Photo by Ben.]]Caledonia south of Yaté, where it occurs in a fringe of forest 20 km. long, and 100-500 m. wide, from Touaourou to Goro villages at 5-100 m. elevation, inland to the southwest about 11.5 air kilometers distant, in remnant patches of forest at about 200 m. elevation, at the southern end of Monts Nengone, near Port Boisé. The main population is at Goro on a steep, unstable, rocky slope,  above the mouth of Kuebini River. (J.-C. Pintaud 1998)
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Ecology: A more or less gregarious subcanopy to canopy species, Kentiopsis pyriformis is found in lowland rain forest, on ultramafic rocks, both on oxydic colluvium on flat land, and steep, rocky, eroded slopes of peridotitic mountains and hills. The largest and more gregarious population at the Kuebini River near Goro, grows with other palms including Actinokentia divaricata, Basselinia pancheri, Clinosperma bracteale, and Cyphokentia macrostachya. The population near Port Boisé is much smaller, and the individuals more scattered. Associated palms there include A. divaricata, B. gracilis, B. pancheri, and Chambeyronia nmacrocarpa. (J.-C. Pintaud  1998)/Palmweb.
 
==Description==
 
==Description==
Subcanopy to emergent palm. Trunk l0-18 m. tall, 1O-22 cm. diam. below head, brown becoming gray, sometimes enlarged or bulging at the base, adventitious roots visible. Crown holds 7-12 leaves, ascending to spreading, moderately recurved or nearly straight; crownshaft 70-130 cm. long, copper colored or purplish red, with a thin cover of glaucous- white wax, and minutely puncticulate with tiny brown lacerate scales abaxially, splitting in the distal 1/4-1/3 opposite petiole, and there bearing small auricles 1 cm. long or terminatirrg on petiole with two wings l0 cm. long; petiole 20-45 cm. long (some times to 2.6 m. long in trunkless juveniles), glabrescent, green or reddish to purplish; rachis 2.5-3 m. long, petiole and rachis variously covered initially, by thin felt like indument of brown-centered, white-margined scales; pinnae 40-58 on each side, median ones 110-130 X 5-8 cm., proximal two pairs continuing into lorae, all acute, coriaceous one-ribbed, ascending and held in open V or borne in one plane and flat to slightly pendulous, green and glossy adaxially, midrib and sometimes secondary ribs bearing abaxially membranous, medifixed ramenta in groups of 2-20. Inflorescences 1-2, 60-100 cm. wide, spreading, branched to four orders; peduncle 6-10 cm. long; prophyll 40-50 X 20 cm., splitting into two halves; first peduncular bract 50-60 X 15-18 cm., beaked, slightly exceeding the prophyll, both bracts pale green or dark purple, glabrescent to variously tomentose abaxially; rachis 30-40 cm. long with l0 main branches 2-10 cm. long, 1-4 cm. wide, sharply angled, dorsiventrally flattened, brownish green to bright purple; peduncle and rachis with thin indument of brown centered, white-margined minute scales; bracts subtending branches small, triangular-obtuse to acuminate and finally reduced to a ridge; rachillae 100-400, slender, 20-30 cm. long, 0.5 cm. in diameter, folded and mucilaginous in inflorescence bud, rounded, glabrescent, very pale green to cream-colored in bud, becoming brown or dark purple. Flowers in horizontal triads are of a central pistillate flower, flanked by two medianlateral earlier-opening staminate flowers; triads in proximal 2/3 and sometimes nearly to apex of rachillae, paired staminate flowers only distally, or sometimes paired staminate flowers on unisexual rachillae; bracts subtending triads a thin, rounded, sharp-edged lip to 1 mm. high; staminate flowers in bud 6 x 3.5-4 mm., glossy brown, almost symmetrical; calyx 2.5 mm. high and 3.5 mm. in diameter, cupular, sepals keel-like, truncate or broadly rounded apically; petals ovate, boat-shaped, spreading at anthesis, adnate to the receptacle basally and with a swollen pulvinus just above, pinkish adaxially; stamens 11-20, just exceeding petals, filaments free or nearly so, 2.5 mm. long, slender, slightly fluted, white, straight, and not attenuate apically, anthers 2-2.5 mm. long, slender, dorsifixed 1/3 up from base, connective white, not tanniniferous; pistillode 1-1.5 mm. high, much shorter than filaments and petals, conical to columnar and fluted or rarely spindle-shaped; outer bracteole surrounding pistillate flower l-2.5 mm hign, sepal-like or not, inner bracteole 2.75 mm high, always sepal-like, sometimes forming a tube with the outer bracteole; pistillate flowers 5-6 X 3-4.5 mm., rhomboid and laterally compressed or globose-ovoid; calyx 4-4.5 X 4-4.5 mm., cupular sepals strongly bowl-like to cupshaped; petals bowl-like to cup-shaped, scarcely exceeding or much exceeding sepals; staminodes 3, 0.5-0.9 mm. high, toothlike, thin, membranous; gynoecium 4-5.5 X 2.5-3 mm., stigmatic lobes recurved, angled, laying between corolla lobes or shorto erect; ovule laterally attached or pendulous. Fruits to 17 X 7 mm., oblong, purplish pink, fruiting perianth 6 X B mm., stigmatic residue subapical; mesocarp with abundant, mostly elongate, but at times wandering or reticulate fibers not adherent to endocarp, tannin cells in a thick layer between fibers and endocarp; endocarp whitish, fragile. Seeds 10-12 X 5-6 mm., pyriform, rarely -t ellipsoid, hilum elongate, lateral raphe branches mostly longitudinal, anastomosing little, slightly embedded. Bifid leaves 5-6 before first pinnate leaf; trunkless juvenile individuals with distichously arranged leaves, becoming spirally arranged with age, petioles glabrous, glossy reddish to dark purple; "saxophone" growth present (this is a tillering palm). Phenology: Flowers usually occur from November through February with a l5-day delay between anthesis of staminate and pistitlate flowers in the same triad; fruits mature from April through June.
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Subcanopy to emergent palm. Trunk l0-18 m. tall, 1O-22 cm. in diam. below head, brown becoming gray, sometimes enlarged or bulging at the base, adventitious roots visible. Crown holds 7-12 leaves, ascending to spreading, moderately recurved or nearly straight; crownshaft 70-130 cm. long, copper colored or purplish red, with a thin cover of glaucous- white wax, and minutely puncticulate with tiny brown lacerate scales abaxially, splitting in the distal 1/4-1/3 opposite petiole, and there bearing small auricles 1 cm. long or terminatirrg on petiole with two wings l0 cm. long; petiole 20-45 cm. long (some times to 2.6 m. long in trunkless juveniles), glabrescent, green or reddish to purplish; rachis 2.5-3 m. long, petiole and rachis variously covered initially, by thin felt like indument of brown-centered, white-margined scales; pinnae 40-58 on each side, median ones 110-130 X 5-8 cm., proximal two pairs continuing into lorae, all acute, coriaceous one-ribbed, ascending and held in open V or borne in one plane and flat to slightly pendulous, green and glossy adaxially, midrib and sometimes secondary ribs bearing abaxially membranous, medifixed ramenta in groups of 2-20. Inflorescences 1-2, 60-100 cm. wide, spreading, branched to four orders; peduncle 6-10 cm. long; prophyll 40-50 X 20 cm., splitting into two halves; first peduncular bract 50-60 X 15-18 cm., beaked, slightly exceeding the prophyll, both bracts pale green or dark purple, glabrescent to variously tomentose abaxially; rachis 30-40 cm. long with l0 main branches 2-10 cm. long, 1-4 cm. wide, sharply angled, dorsiventrally flattened, brownish green to bright purple; peduncle and rachis with thin indument of brown centered, white-margined minute scales; bracts subtending branches small, triangular-obtuse to acuminate and finally reduced to a ridge; rachillae 100-400, slender, 20-30 cm. long, 0.5 cm. in diameter, folded and mucilaginous in inflorescence bud, rounded, glabrescent, very pale green to cream-colored in bud, becoming brown or dark purple. {{read more top}}Flowers in horizontal triads are of a central pistillate flower, flanked by two medianlateral earlier-opening staminate flowers; triads in proximal 2/3 and sometimes nearly to apex of rachillae, paired staminate flowers only distally, or sometimes paired staminate flowers on unisexual rachillae; bracts subtending triads a thin, rounded, sharp-edged lip to 1 mm. high; staminate flowers in bud 6 x 3.5-4 mm., glossy brown, almost symmetrical; calyx 2.5 mm. high and 3.5 mm. in diameter, cupular, sepals keel-like, truncate or broadly rounded apically; petals ovate, boat-shaped, spreading at anthesis, adnate to the receptacle basally and with a swollen pulvinus just above, pinkish adaxially; stamens 11-20, just exceeding petals, filaments free or nearly so, 2.5 mm. long, slender, slightly fluted, white, straight, and not attenuate apically, anthers 2-2.5 mm. long, slender, dorsifixed 1/3 up from base, connective white, not tanniniferous; pistillode 1-1.5 mm. high, much shorter than filaments and petals, conical to columnar and fluted or rarely spindle-shaped; outer bracteole surrounding pistillate flower l-2.5 mm hign, sepal-like or not, inner bracteole 2.75 mm high, always sepal-like, sometimes forming a tube with the outer bracteole; pistillate flowers 5-6 X 3-4.5 mm., rhomboid and laterally compressed or globose-ovoid; calyx 4-4.5 X 4-4.5 mm., cupular sepals strongly bowl-like to cupshaped; petals bowl-like to cup-shaped, scarcely exceeding or much exceeding sepals; staminodes 3, 0.5-0.9 mm. high, toothlike, thin, membranous; gynoecium 4-5.5 X 2.5-3 mm., stigmatic lobes recurved, angled, laying between corolla lobes or shorto erect; ovule laterally attached or pendulous. Fruits to 17 X 7 mm., oblong, purplish pink, fruiting perianth 6 X B mm., stigmatic residue subapical; mesocarp with abundant, mostly elongate, but at times wandering or reticulate fibers not adherent to endocarp, tannin cells in a thick layer between fibers and endocarp; endocarp whitish, fragile. Seeds 10-12 X 5-6 mm., pyriform, rarely -t ellipsoid, hilum elongate, lateral raphe branches mostly longitudinal, anastomosing little, slightly embedded. Bifid leaves 5-6 before first pinnate leaf; trunkless juvenile individuals with distichously arranged leaves, becoming spirally arranged with age, petioles glabrous, glossy reddish to dark purple; "saxophone" growth present (this is a tillering palm). (J.-C. Pintaud 1998)/Palmweb.  Editing by edric.
  
Since each of the two collected populations of Kentiopsis pyriformis (Kuebini River and inland near Port Boisé) has conspicuous differences, some explanation is needed to justify their inclusion in a single, variable species. The two populations have the same major structural characteristics, both in vegetative and reproductive morphology. Distichous and glabrous juvenile stages, associated with saxophone growth (tillering, and having a heel), highly branched inflorescences with flattened and sharply angled branches, slender rachillae, symmetrical flowers arranged horizontally in the triad, staminate flowers with sharply costate sepals, rather few stamens with short filaments not attenuate apically, white connectives and short pistillodes, pistillate flowers with three staminodes born within one petal, and pyriform seeds are constant and diagnostic characters. Purplish-pink fruits with subapical stigmatic remains and distinctive, elongate, wandering, reticulate mesocarp fibers, may also prove to be good diagnostic characters, although mature fruits are yet unknown from populations near Port Boisé, where only pyriform seeds removed from seedlings have been found so far. The most striking differences in vegetative morphology, concern the habit of the palm and characters of the leaf sheath. Individuals from the coastal population have only 7-8 recurved leaves with a copper-colored sheath bearing small auricles at apex, and pinnae held straight in an open V, while individuals of the inland population have 10-12 spreading leaves with attractive, purplish to burgundy sheaths lacking auricles, terminating in wings, and flat to slightly drooping pinnae. However, exploration in July 1996, south of Goro and on the eastern side of Port Bois mountains, not previously visited, has uncovered additional populations of Kentiopsis pyriformis, with a mix of vegetative characters and sometimes in termediatef orms,w hich show that these features are quite variable and, in fact, lead nearly to a continuum between the two collected populations. In reproductive morphology, the coastal and inland populations differ mainly in the shape of the pistillate flowers (rhomboid or ovoid), and surrounding bracts (forming a tube or not) and other pistillate structures such as stigmas, (recurved or straight) and ovule attachment (lateral or pendulous), but we have made only one collection with pistillate flowers at each location, and thus we do not know the possible variability of these structures. Taxonomic history. Lucien Lavoix, an ardent palm enthusiast, first noticed this palm and brought it into cultivation in the early I970s, using seedlings removed from the Port Boisé population. Donald R. Hodel saw the species in the forest at Touaourouin 1977, and suspected it might be a new species. However, Kentiopsis pyriformis remained undocumented until we made the only collections of mature, flowering, trees in 1995-1996, relying on information from Raymond Lavoix, son of Lucien, and several members of Association Chambeyronia at the New Caledonia Palm Society.
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Since each of the two collected populations of Kentiopsis pyriformis (Kuebini River and inland near Port Boisé) has conspicuous differences, some explanation is needed to justify their inclusion in a single, variable species. The two populations have the same major structural characteristics, both in vegetative and reproductive morphology. Distichous and glabrous juvenile stages, associated with saxophone growth (tillering, and having a heel), highly branched inflorescences with flattened and sharply angled branches, slender rachillae, symmetrical flowers arranged horizontally in the triad, staminate flowers with sharply costate sepals, rather few stamens with short filaments not attenuate apically, white connectives and short pistillodes, pistillate flowers with three staminodes born within one petal, and pyriform seeds are constant and diagnostic characters. Purplish-pink fruits with subapical stigmatic remains and distinctive, elongate, wandering, reticulate mesocarp fibers, may also prove to be good diagnostic characters, although mature fruits are yet unknown from populations near Port Boisé, where only pyriform seeds removed from seedlings have been found so far. The most striking differences in vegetative morphology, concern the habit of the palm and characters of the leaf sheath. Individuals from the coastal population have only 7-8 recurved leaves with a copper-colored sheath bearing small auricles at apex, and pinnae held straight in an open V, while individuals of the inland population have 10-12 spreading leaves with attractive, purplish to burgundy sheaths lacking auricles, terminating in wings, and flat to slightly drooping pinnae. However, exploration in July 1996, south of Goro and on the eastern side of Port Bois mountains, not previously visited, has uncovered additional populations of Kentiopsis pyriformis, with a mix of vegetative characters and sometimes in termediatef orms,w hich show that these features are quite variable and, in fact, lead nearly to a continuum between the two collected populations. In reproductive morphology, the coastal and inland populations differ mainly in the shape of the pistillate flowers (rhomboid or ovoid), and surrounding bracts (forming a tube or not) and other pistillate structures such as stigmas, (recurved or straight) and ovule attachment (lateral or pendulous), but we have made only one collection with pistillate flowers at each location, and thus we do not know the possible variability of these structures. Taxonomic history. Lucien Lavoix, an ardent palm enthusiast, first noticed this palm and brought it into cultivation in the early I970s, using seedlings removed from the Port Boisé population. Donald R. Hodel saw the species in the forest at Touaourouin 1977, and suspected it might be a new species. However, Kentiopsis pyriformis remained undocumented until we made the only collections of mature, flowering, trees in 1995-1996, relying on information from Raymond Lavoix, son of Lucien, and several members of Association Chambeyronia at the New Caledonia Palm Society. (J.-C. Pintaud 1998)/Palmweb.
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{{read more bottom}}
 
==Culture==
 
==Culture==
Flowers usually occur from November through February with a 15day delay between anthesis of staminate and pistillate flowers in the same triad; fruits mature from April through June.  Seedlings of Kentiopsis pyriformis have been found germinating on red colluvium, rich in iron oxide.  This material originates from the erosion of ultrabasic rocks (peridoite) on nearby slopes...
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<center>
==Curiosities==
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[[{{PFC}}http://www.palmpedia.net/palmsforcal/index.php5/Kentiopsis_pyriformis]]
Conservation: Status is critically endangered (proposed). Occupying less Ihan 2 ha, the main population of K. pyriformis at the Kuebini River is unprotected and consists of less than a hundred trunked individuals. Fire severely affected the entire population about 1980, destroying nearly all saplings and damaging trunks of many mature individuals. Despite an abundant and regular production of readily germinating seeds, regeneration remains extremely low due to the difficulty of seedling establishment in an unusually steep, rocky, unstable habitat. In March 1996, Cyclone Beti caused the fall of at least 25% of the adults, nearly all of them more windprone since the earlier fire destroyed protective vegetation and damaged trunks. In one group of eight adults, the cyclone felled seven of them. Farther north along the coast at Touaourou, the forest is restricted to a narrow fringe inland from the road and next to the mountains. Here, burning, clearing for gardens and homes, and recent road improvements and rural electrification have all taken a toll on the forest. Also, native inhabitants probably harvested the palms, perhaps for the edible palm heart or cabbage and/or construction, since not one adult tree has been observed there. Some other small groups composed of a few adults and juveniles occur south of Goro where they are affected by landslides and stream erosion. The Port Boisé population is known from ca. 20 adult trees, less than a hundred juveniles with trunks, and numerous saplings, which locally dominate the understory, and is partly, although marginally, included in a botanical reserve. Felling of trees for construction and edible palm heart has decimated this population. Jean-Marie Veillon (personal communication) reports that as a forestry officer in the 1970s, he cited people for illegal cutting of palms in the Botanical Reserve.
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</center>
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==Comments and Curiosities==
  
The epithet means pear-shaped, and refers to the unusual and distinctive shape of the seeds.
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Conservation: Status is critically endangered (proposed). Occupying less than 2 ha, the main population of K. pyriformis at the Kuebini River is unprotected and consists of less than a hundred trunked individuals. Fire severely affected the entire population about 1980, destroying nearly all saplings and damaging trunks of many mature individuals. Despite an abundant and regular production of readily germinating seeds, regeneration remains extremely low due to the difficulty of seedling establishment in an unusually steep, rocky, unstable habitat. In March 1996, Cyclone Beti caused the fall of at least 25% of the adults, nearly all of them more windprone since the earlier fire destroyed protective vegetation and damaged trunks. In one group of eight adults, the cyclone felled seven of them.
==External Links==
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{{read more top}}
*http://nzpalmandcycad.com/?pg=96
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Farther north along the coast at Touaourou, the forest is restricted to a narrow fringe inland from the road and next to the mountains. Here, burning, clearing for gardens and homes, and recent road improvements and rural electrification have all taken a toll on the forest. Also, native inhabitants probably harvested the palms, perhaps for the edible palm heart or cabbage and/or construction, since not one adult tree has been observed there. Some other small groups composed of a few adults and juveniles occur south of Goro where they are affected by landslides and stream erosion. The Port Boisé population is known from ca. 20 adult trees, less than a hundred juveniles with trunks, and numerous saplings, which locally dominate the understory, and is partly, although marginally, included in a botanical reserve. Felling of trees for construction and edible palm heart has decimated this population. Jean-Marie Veillon (personal communication) reports that as a forestry officer in the 1970s, he cited people for illegal cutting of palms in the Botanical Reserve. (J.-C. Pintaud 1998)/Palmweb.
*http://southeastgarden.com/new-caledonia.html
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*[http://www.flickriver.com/photos/morabeza79/sets/72157594455840082/ New Caledonia photos in habitat.]
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*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q-TRsYs4urk Bill Sanford's video]
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==References==
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Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos, edric.
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<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="3" widths="200px" heights="200px">
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Etymology: The epithet means pear-shaped, and refers to the unusual and distinctive shape of the seeds. (J.-C. Pintaud 1998)/Palmweb.
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Phenology: Flowers usually occur from November through February with a l5-day delay between anthesis of staminate and pistitlate flowers in the same triad; fruits mature from April through June. Seedlings of Kentiopsis pyriformis have been found germinating on red colluvium, rich in iron oxide.  This material originates from the erosion of ultrabasic rocks (peridoite) on nearby slopes. (J.-C. Pintaud 1998)/Palmweb.
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Arguably the most beautiful in the genus, this species from rainforests in the very south of New Caledonia forms a slender, smooth trunk to about 16 m (52 ft.) tall. The tall, stunning crownshaft is purplish red to copper colored with a thin white waxy layer. The elegantly arching, pinnate leaves are lightly V-shaped in cross section with very stiff, evenly arranged leaflets that give the leaf a very neat and even outline. In cultivation it does well in tropical and frost free, warm temperate climates, but it is still exceedingly rare. Germination is easy but subsequent growth is rather slow. (RPS.com)
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This is a tillering palm, it exhibits saxophone style root growth (it has a heel), keep top third of heel above soil elevation!
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{{read more bottom}}
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Image:youngin.jpg|young container plant in CA.
 
Image:youngin.jpg|young container plant in CA.
 
Image:Kpyriformis1.jpg|CA.
 
Image:Kpyriformis1.jpg|CA.
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image:Kentpy05.jpg|Port Boisé, New Caledonia.
 
image:Kentpy05.jpg|Port Boisé, New Caledonia.
 
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image:Newcaljan11_009.jpg|Oceanside, CA. Photo by Bill Sanford.
image:Newcaljan11_009.jpg|Oceanside, CA. Photo by Bill Sanford, edric.
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image:Newcaljan11a_001.jpg|Oceanside, CA. Photo by Bill Sanford.
image:Newcaljan11a_001.jpg|Oceanside, CA. Photo by Bill Sanford, edric.
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image:GBPIX_photo_262159.jpg|New Caledonia. Photo by Ben.
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image:GBPIX_photo_262160.jpg|New Caledonia. Photo by Ben.
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image:GBPIX_photo_282098.jpg|New Caledonia. Photo by Ben.
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image:GBPIX_photo_282099.jpg|New Caledonia. Photo by Ben.
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image:GBPIX_photo_282101.jpg|New Caledonia. Photo by Ben.
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image:GBPIX_photo_282102.jpg|New Caledonia. Photo by Ben.
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image:GBPIX_photo_477143.jpg|New Caledonia. Photo by Ben.
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File:20027962233_3d27aa1492_o.jpg|New Caledonia. Photo by Ben.
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File:20026319894_0c02484241_o.jpg|New Caledonia. Photo by Ben.
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File:19713675385_43a4d955b1_o.jpg|New Caledonia. Photo by Ben.
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File:19527008989_7594bc1fd7_o.jpg|New Caledonia. Photo by Ben.
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File:19092706073_5edc7043a1_o.jpg|New Caledonia. Photo by Ben.
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File:19718170121_0044b20975_o.jpg|New Caledonia. Photo by Ben.
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File:5302359663_a02637f03d_b.jpg|Hawaii. Photo by Xeranteum.
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File:5302360201_d8a8d2fd2b_b.jpg|Hawaii. Photo by Xeranteum.
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File:5302359935_185d5b1511_b.jpg|Hawaii. Photo by Xeranteum.
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File:5302359831_79670f5a1b_b.jpg|Hawaii. Photo by Xeranteum.
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File:5302954396_46af85e102_b.jpg|Hawaii. Photo by Xeranteum.
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image:KpDSC_5238.jpg|Northern New South Wales. Photo by Darly O'Connor.
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File:5548699733_5592a87c0c_o.jpg|Cooper City, FL. Photo  by Kyle Wicomb.
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File:post-51-0-46625400-1387357510.jpg|Sunshine Coast Hinterland, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Wal.
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File:post-51-0-71005300-1387357527.jpg|Sunshine Coast Hinterland, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Wal.
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File:post-51-0-13343400-1387357545.jpg|Sunshine Coast Hinterland, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Wal.
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File:post-51-0-22547400-1387357621.jpg|Sunshine Coast Hinterland, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Wal.
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File:post-51-0-31263800-1349214682.jpg|Burrawang, New South Wales, Australia. Photo by Wal.
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File:post-5709-0-26256600-1387358362.jpg|Mt. Warning Caldera, Nth. NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.
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File:1767cb.jpg|L.A., CA. Photo by Dave B.
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File:e90d2c.jpg|L.A., CA. Photo by Dave B.
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File:498b4d.jpg|L.A., CA. Photo by Dave B.
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File:kpDSC_0451.jpg|Searle Brothers Nursery, FL. Photo by Ryan Gallivan.
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File:kpDSC_0323.jpg|Searle Brothers Nursery, FL. Photo by Ryan Gallivan.
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File:post-13081-0-56506500-1425653817.jpg|Nong Nooch Tropical Botanical Gardens, Pattaya, Thailand. Photo by Christophe  Sette.
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File:kpIMG_2150_zps56bd5951.jpg|Encinitas, CA. Photo by Aaron.
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File:Kentiopsis pyriformis 5g (4).JPG|Photo-Jungle Music Nursery, CA.
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File:kpIMG_5401.JPG.adc0084e8964596c4543ebfdf2ac37ff.JPG|Fallbrook, CA. Hyophorbe Lagenicaulis, California grown and gone through 6 winters now in this spot.  the low has been 29 since I've lived here.  behind the hyophorbe is a Dypsis Plumosa.  Across the walkway is Kentiopsis Pyriformis.  There's a large Kentiopsis Oliviformis back there, another Veitchia Spiralis, then Dypsis Leptocheillos and in the front right, another Kentiopsis Pyriformis. Photo by Jason Dunn.
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File:dlIMG_5385.JPG.cdcc8c32b135576e83dcdf13f72e4f1a.JPG|Fallbrook, CA. Photo by Jason Dunn.
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image:KenPyr.jpg|New Caledonia. Rare Palm Seeds.com
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image:Kentiopsis-pyriformis.jpg|New Caledonia. Rare Palm Seeds.com
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image:Kentiopsis-pyriformis-2.jpg|New Caledonia. Rare Palm Seeds.com
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image:Kentiopsis-pyriformis-3.jpg|New Caledonia. Rare Palm Seeds.com
 
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</gallery></center>
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==External Links==
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*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]
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*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]
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*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]
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*http://nzpalmandcycad.com/?pg=96
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*http://southeastgarden.com/new-caledonia.html
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*[http://www.flickriver.com/photos/morabeza79/sets/72157594455840082/ New Caledonia photos in habitat.]
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*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q-TRsYs4urk Bill Sanford's video]
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*[http://w3.biosci.utexas.edu/prc/Sabal/saxophone.html THE SAXOPHONE STYLE ROOT GROWTH (HEEL)]
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==References==
 +
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.
 +
 +
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.
 +
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Special thanks to [http://palmweb.org/?q=node/2 Palmweb.org], Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.
 +
 +
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).
 +
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Pintaud, J.-C.-1998. A Revision of Kentiopsis, a Genus Endemic to New Caledonia. Principes 42(1) 32-33, 41-53.
 
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}
 
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}
 
[[Category:Palms of New Caledonia]]
 
[[Category:Palms of New Caledonia]]
 
[[Category:KENTIOPSIS|pyriformis]]
 
[[Category:KENTIOPSIS|pyriformis]]

Latest revision as of 05:29, 4 January 2017

Kentiopsis (Kent-ee-OHP-sis) pyriformis (py-rih-FOR-mis)
GBPIX photo 282099.jpg
Port Boisé, New Caledonia.
Scientific Classification
Genus: Kentiopsis (Kent-ee-OHP-sis)
Species: pyriformis (py-rih-FOR-mis)
Synonyms
None set.
Native Continent
Oceania
Oceania.gif
Morphology
Habit: Solitary
Leaf type: Pinnate
Culture
Survivability index
Common names
None.

Habitat and Distribution

Endemic to New Caledonia. Kentiopsis pyriformis, ranges from along the east coast of New
New Caledonia. Photo by Ben.
Caledonia south of Yaté, where it occurs in a fringe of forest 20 km. long, and 100-500 m. wide, from Touaourou to Goro villages at 5-100 m. elevation, inland to the southwest about 11.5 air kilometers distant, in remnant patches of forest at about 200 m. elevation, at the southern end of Monts Nengone, near Port Boisé. The main population is at Goro on a steep, unstable, rocky slope, above the mouth of Kuebini River. (J.-C. Pintaud 1998)

Ecology: A more or less gregarious subcanopy to canopy species, Kentiopsis pyriformis is found in lowland rain forest, on ultramafic rocks, both on oxydic colluvium on flat land, and steep, rocky, eroded slopes of peridotitic mountains and hills. The largest and more gregarious population at the Kuebini River near Goro, grows with other palms including Actinokentia divaricata, Basselinia pancheri, Clinosperma bracteale, and Cyphokentia macrostachya. The population near Port Boisé is much smaller, and the individuals more scattered. Associated palms there include A. divaricata, B. gracilis, B. pancheri, and Chambeyronia nmacrocarpa. (J.-C. Pintaud 1998)/Palmweb.

Description

Subcanopy to emergent palm. Trunk l0-18 m. tall, 1O-22 cm. in diam. below head, brown becoming gray, sometimes enlarged or bulging at the base, adventitious roots visible. Crown holds 7-12 leaves, ascending to spreading, moderately recurved or nearly straight; crownshaft 70-130 cm. long, copper colored or purplish red, with a thin cover of glaucous- white wax, and minutely puncticulate with tiny brown lacerate scales abaxially, splitting in the distal 1/4-1/3 opposite petiole, and there bearing small auricles 1 cm. long or terminatirrg on petiole with two wings l0 cm. long; petiole 20-45 cm. long (some times to 2.6 m. long in trunkless juveniles), glabrescent, green or reddish to purplish; rachis 2.5-3 m. long, petiole and rachis variously covered initially, by thin felt like indument of brown-centered, white-margined scales; pinnae 40-58 on each side, median ones 110-130 X 5-8 cm., proximal two pairs continuing into lorae, all acute, coriaceous one-ribbed, ascending and held in open V or borne in one plane and flat to slightly pendulous, green and glossy adaxially, midrib and sometimes secondary ribs bearing abaxially membranous, medifixed ramenta in groups of 2-20. Inflorescences 1-2, 60-100 cm. wide, spreading, branched to four orders; peduncle 6-10 cm. long; prophyll 40-50 X 20 cm., splitting into two halves; first peduncular bract 50-60 X 15-18 cm., beaked, slightly exceeding the prophyll, both bracts pale green or dark purple, glabrescent to variously tomentose abaxially; rachis 30-40 cm. long with l0 main branches 2-10 cm. long, 1-4 cm. wide, sharply angled, dorsiventrally flattened, brownish green to bright purple; peduncle and rachis with thin indument of brown centered, white-margined minute scales; bracts subtending branches small, triangular-obtuse to acuminate and finally reduced to a ridge; rachillae 100-400, slender, 20-30 cm. long, 0.5 cm. in diameter, folded and mucilaginous in inflorescence bud, rounded, glabrescent, very pale green to cream-colored in bud, becoming brown or dark purple.

Culture

PFC for PP.png

Comments and Curiosities

Conservation: Status is critically endangered (proposed). Occupying less than 2 ha, the main population of K. pyriformis at the Kuebini River is unprotected and consists of less than a hundred trunked individuals. Fire severely affected the entire population about 1980, destroying nearly all saplings and damaging trunks of many mature individuals. Despite an abundant and regular production of readily germinating seeds, regeneration remains extremely low due to the difficulty of seedling establishment in an unusually steep, rocky, unstable habitat. In March 1996, Cyclone Beti caused the fall of at least 25% of the adults, nearly all of them more windprone since the earlier fire destroyed protective vegetation and damaged trunks. In one group of eight adults, the cyclone felled seven of them.



External Links

References

Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.

Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.

Special thanks to Palmweb.org, Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.

Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).

Pintaud, J.-C.-1998. A Revision of Kentiopsis, a Genus Endemic to New Caledonia. Principes 42(1) 32-33, 41-53.
Many Special Thanks to Ed Vaile for his long hours of tireless editing and numerous contributions.

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