Palmpedia - Palm Grower's Guide - User contributions [en]

Cocos nucifera

2010-02-13T12:11:10Z

Phoenixcanariensis_blocked_old: more details

{{Palmbox
|image=Coco KV4.jpg
|image_caption=
|genus='''''Cocos'''''
|species='''''nucifera'''''
|subspecies=
|variety=
|cultivar=
|synonyms=
|continent=oceania
|habit=Solitary
|leaf_type=Pinnate
|height= 90 ft/27 m
|trunk_diameter=1 ft/30 cm
|sun_exposure=
|watering=
|soil_type=
|msi=4B
|ssi=5A
|common_names=Coconut Palm
}}
{{Palm Page}}

==Habitat and Distribution==
'''''Cocos nucifera''''' has been cultivated and utilized for so long in virtually every tropical location throughout the world, that its true place of origin is somewhat uncertain. The most widely accepted location is southern Asia east to the islands of the central Pacific Ocean. It was introduced to the west coast of northern South America from the Philippines about 2,250 years ago by Austronesian people [http://www.springerlink.com/content/x7775w7330764347/].

== Description ==
[[Image:Coco KV3.jpg|250px|thumb|Kona, Hawaii]]
The Coconut Palm is a large palm, growing to 30 m tall. It has pinnate leaves 4–6 m long, the leaflets 60–90 cm long; old leaves break away cleanly, leaving the trunk smooth. Despite its solo status in this monotypic genus, it has countless variations, but is always easily identified by everyone the world over as the Coconut Palm. Propagation is by seed (the fruit).
[[Image:Cocos nucifera var spicata.jpg|thumb|cultivar 'Spicata']]
[[Image:IMG_0354.JPG|250px|thumb|Dwarf Hybrids, New Smyrna Beach, Florida]]

== Cultivation ==
While truly tropical in nature, the Coconut has been tried and coddled in many climates due to its popularity and availablity. Many tales, bordering on folklore, exist as to the extent its accepted boundaries have been pushed. While some of these are true, and a few Coconut Palms exist outside of the tropics, it has proven to be more a "labor of love" than a "claim to fame".

At the fringe level of range, the northernmost reported Coconut Palm is at the Palermo Botanical Gardens (Orto Botanico di Palermo) in Sicily, southern Italy, at 38° 06' N. In North America, the northernmost is the "California Coconut" at Newport Beach, California, planted in the early 1980s at latitude 33° 37' N. While stunted, it survives through winter and has launched many Californians and others to try to extend the range more dramatically. Other places with potential for cultivation in the subtropical Northern Hemisphere in Europe include the Azores, Madeira, Malta, Crete in southern Greece, and southernmost Spain, and in North America, Florida at St. Augustine (just under 30° N), southern Texas to around 27°N. In South Florida Coconut Palms become ubiquitous from approximately 27°N to the Florida Keys, particularly on the Gulf and Atlantic Coast.

In the Southern Hemisphere, documented Coconut Palms exist at Port Elizabeth, South Africa at 33° 57' S, and in Perth, Australia at around 32° S. Additionally, stunted Coconut Palms have been observed in northern New Zealand, which were growing naturally, at 35° S.

== Curiosities ==
Few plants on Earth can claim to have assisted mankind more during its early development. Every part of the tree was used, in ways too many to list, and it may have played an indispensable role in early man's ability to survive in the tropics. Because the seeds can float for long distances in ocean waters, and sprout with rapid growth in sterile sand on salty shores, it was present in the large numbers necessary to provide the basics for human existence on otherwise semi-barren islands.

==Photo gallery==
[[Image:Coco twist.jpg|thumb|left|Old and twisted]]
[[Image:StarryNight.jpg|left|250px|thumb|Eye Candy]]
[[Image:Coco outrig.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Old Hawaii]]
[[Image:Coco KV1.jpg|250px|thumb|Kona, Hawaii]]

 
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}

[[Category:COCOS|nucifera]]

Phoenix theophrasti

2010-02-03T16:53:15Z

Phoenixcanariensis_blocked_old: more details

{{Palmbox
|image=
|image_caption=
|genus='''''Phoenix'''''
|species='''''theophrasti'''''
|continent=europe
|habit=solitary or clumped
|leaf_type=pinnate
|height=10-15 m
|trunk_diameter=40-60 cm
|sun_exposure=full
|watering=
|soil_type=
|common_names=Cretan Date Palm
|synonyms=
}}
{{Palm Page}}

==Habitat and Distribution==

Native to southern Greece (Crete) and southwestern Turkey (Datça Peninsula).

==Description==
Similar to ''[[Phoenix dactylifera]]'' in overall appearance but usually shorter, not over 15 m tall. The fruit is a small date with only a thin, sour-tasting flesh layer around the seed.

 
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}
[[Category:PHOENIX|theophrasti]]

Nannorrhops ritchiana

2010-02-03T14:43:30Z

Phoenixcanariensis_blocked_old: more details

{{Palmbox
|image=NannarichIMG 0141.JPG
|image_caption=Fairchild Gardens, Florida
|genus='''''Nannorrhops'''''
|species='''''ritchieana'''''
|continent=asia
|habit=clumping
|leaf_type=palmate
|height=2-6 m
|trunk_diameter=
|sun_exposure=full sun
|watering=
|soil_type=
|common_names=Mazari Palm
|synonyms=Chamaerops ritchieana Nannorrhops arabica Nannorrhops naudiniana Nannorrhops stocksiana
}}
{{Palm Page}}

==Habitat and Distribution==
''Nannorrhops ritchieana'' is the sole species in the genus ''Nannorrhops'', and is native to southwestern Asia, from the southeast of the Arabian Peninsula east through Iran and Afghanistan to Pakistan and northwestern India, growing in dry areas at altitudes of up to 1600 m.

==Description==
It is a clumping palm, occasionally single-trunked, growing to 6 metres tall. The leaves are fan-shaped with 20-30 leaflets, each leaflet 30-120 cm long, usually glaucous-green. The stems and leaf petioles are not spiny. Individual stems are monocarpic, flowering once and then dying, but new stems are produced at the base keeping the plant alive. The inflorescences are produced on a 2-3 m tall stem at the top of the trunk, forming an open panicle.

==Cultivation==
''Nannorrhops ritchieana'' is highly drought tolerant, and also very tolerant of winter frost, hardy down to about -15°C, possibly -20°C, but needs dry conditions and good drainage. Good growth occurs in southern California. It cannot survive wet cold, and has not been successful in humid, high rainfall climates such as Britain.

==Note==
The name is often seen spelled "Nannorrhops ritchiana".

[[Image:NanOV.jpg|thumb|left|California, Photo - Bill Sanford]]
[[Image:NanCL.jpg|thumb|left|California, Photo by Perry Glenn]]
 
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}
[[Category:NANNORRHOPS|ritchieana]]

Nannorrhops stockiana

2010-02-03T14:15:03Z

Phoenixcanariensis_blocked_old: synonymy per Kew checklist

#redirect [[Nannorrhops ritchieana]]

Rhapidophyllum hystrix

2010-01-31T23:26:27Z

Phoenixcanariensis_blocked_old: link

{{Palmbox
|image=
|image_caption=
|genus='''''Rhapidophyllum'''''
|species='''''hystrix'''''
|continent=america
|habit=clumped
|leaf_type=palmate
|height=1-1.2 m
|trunk_diameter=
|sun_exposure=part to full sun
|watering=
|soil_type=
|common_names=Needle Palm
|synonyms=
}}
{{Palm Page}}

==Habitat and Distribution==

Native to southeastern United States, from central Florida to Georgia, Mississippi, South Carolina and Alabama.

==Description==

A palmate palm with a short, dense clustered base eventually to 1-1.2 m tall, covered in dense long needle-like spines from the leaf bases.

Old specimens have a rounded crown up to 3 m tall, of dark green palmate leaves 1-2 m long, with 8-16 leaflets, these 60-80 cm long, arranged in an open fan at the end of a 60-120 cm petiole.

The species is dioecious, with separate male and female trees. The fruit is dark brown when ripe, oval, about 2 cm long, with a single seed. They are produced on densely branched panicles.

==Cultivation==

''Rhapidophyllum hystrix'' is probably the second-hardiest palm known (after ''[[Trachycarpus fortunei]]''), tolerating winter temperatures down to about -20°C, but unlike that species, demanding a hot summer continental climate with long periods over 30°C. Winter temperatures below -20°C will cut this palm to the ground, but as it is a suckering palm, it may come back from freezes that kill the foliage. The length of the freeze is important, though, and any prolonged freeze that low will freeze the soil will kill the palm.

In the eastern United States, successful outdoor cultivation has been reported north to New York.

Because of its need for hot summers, cultivation in more northern areas like most of Europe, and the Pacific Northwest of North America, has not been successful even where winters are mild.

{{SpeciesListBackLink}}
[[Category:RHAPIDOPHYLLUM|hystrix]]

Trachycarpus fortunei

2010-01-31T23:26:01Z

Phoenixcanariensis_blocked_old: link

{{Palmbox
|image=525100084fNHBQj ph-1-.jpg
|image_caption=Old specimens, Georgia, USA
|genus='''''Trachycarpus'''''
|species='''''fortunei'''''
|continent=asia
|habit=solitary
|leaf_type=palmate
|height=10-13 m
|trunk_diameter=20-35 cm
|sun_exposure=full or part sun
|watering=
|soil_type=
|common_names=Chusan Palm
|synonyms=''Chamaerops fortunei'' ''Trachycarpus wagnerianus'' ''Trachycarpus excelsus''
}}
{{Palm Page}}

==Habitat and Distribution==

Native to southern and central China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Fujian, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), often in mountains at up to 2,400 m altitude, where the climate is cool and wet in summer, cold and often snowy in winter. The exact natural distribution is uncertain due to extensive cultivation for fibre products; some sources suggest it may also be native in southern Japan but it is more likely introduced and naturalised there.

==Description==

Single-trunked, palmate palm to 10 m (rarely 13 m) tall. The trunk is 15 - 30 cm diameter, often with a slightly wider base, and usually remains covered in dense fibre from the leaf bases; rarely this is shed on very old specimens leaving the trunks smooth.

Rounded crown of dark green leaves 1-2 m long, with 30-50 leaflets, these 60-80 cm long and 2.5-4 cm wide, arranged in a tight fan at the end of a 60-100 cm petiole. Unlike the closely related genus ''[[Chamaerops humilis|Chamaerops]]'', the leaf petioles are not spiny.

The species is dioecious, with separate male and female trees. The fruit is dark purple-blue when ripe, round, about 1 cm diameter, with a single seed. They are produced on densely branched panicles.

==Cultivation==
''Trachycarpus fortunei'' is notable as the hardiest palm known, tolerating winter temperatures below -20°C, and also tolerant of cool summer temperatures in oceanic climates such as Scotland and even the Faroe Islands at 62°N latitude, making it the northernmost palm outdoors anywhere in the world. Some planted in Plovdiv (Bulgaria) are known to have survived a temperature of -27.5°C, the coldest temperature reported to have been survived by any palm. It is tolerant of heavy snow cover.

A semi-dwarf cultivar group 'Wagnerianus' has been selected in Japan; it differs in slower growth, with smaller leaves with stiffer leaflets 20-30 cm long, and a trunk just 15 cm diameter. Because of its small size, it is more tolerant of windy sites than normal plants. It has often been treated in popular literature as a separate species "''Trachycarpus wagnerianus''", but does not differ botanically from typical ''Trachycarpus fortunei''.

''Trachycarpus fortunei'' is by far the commonest species of ''Trachycarpus'' in cultivation, though other species are slowly becoming more widely available. It is also by far the commonest palm generally in cultivation in Europe. It is showing some signs of becoming an invasive weed in northern Italy.

Popular nicknames for the Chusan Palm include "Trachy" for the species, and "Waggie" for 'Wagnerianus'. It is also sometimes called Windmill Palm.

==Photo gallery==
[[Image:Chusan Palm in snow.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Chusan Palm in snow, 55°N latitude, Northumberland, UK]]
[[Image:Trachywaggiekyle.jpg|thumb|250px|Specimen of 'Wagnerianus', Balboa Park, San Diego, CA]]

{{SpeciesListBackLink}}

[[Category:TRACHYCARPUS|fortunei]]

Chamaerops humilis

2010-01-31T23:25:31Z

Phoenixcanariensis_blocked_old: link

[[Image:Chamaerops_humilis_argentea_2.jpg|left|350px|thumb|''Chamaerops humilis'' var. ''argentea'' in native habitat between Tizi-n-Tichka and Agouim, Morocco, at about 2000 m altitude.]]
{{Palmbox
|image=Chamaerops humilis huntington.jpg
|image_caption=
|genus='''Chamaerops'''
|species='''humilis'''
|synonyms=''Phoenix humilis''
|variety='''Chamaerops humilis'' var. ''humilis'''
|continent=europe
|habit=Clumping
|leaf_type=Fan
|height= 1.5 - 3m
|trunk_diameter=
|sun_exposure=Full sun
|watering=
|soil_type= Well drained
|hardiness=9
|common_names=European Fan Palm, Mediterranean Fan Palm
}}
{{Palmbox
|image=Chamaerops_humilis_argentea_1.jpg
|image_caption=Between Tizi-n-Tichka and Agouim, Morocco
|genus='''Chamaerops'''
|species='''humilis'''
|variety='''Chamaerops humilis'' var. ''argentea'''
|synonyms=Chamaerops humilis'' var. ''cerifera
|continent=africa
|habit=Clumping
|leaf_type=Fan
|height= 1.5 - 3m
|trunk_diameter=
|sun_exposure=Full sun
|watering=
|soil_type= Well drained
|hardiness=9
|common_names=Moroccan Fan Palm
}}
{{Palm Page}}

==Habitat and Distribution==
Native to the western Mediterranean region. There are two varieties:
*'''''Chamaerops humilis'' var. ''humilis'''''. Southwestern Europe, including Portugal, Spain, southernmost France, and western Italy, plus various western Mediterranean islands, always at fairly low altitudes. The northernmost naturally occurring palm in the world, at 43° 07' N at Hyères-les-Palmiers on the south coast of France.
*'''''Chamaerops humilis'' var. ''argentea''''' (syn. ''Chamaerops humilis'' var. ''cerifera''). Northwestern Africa, in the Atlas Mountains of Morocco at up to 2,000 m altitude.

==Description==
''Chamaerops humilis'' is the only species in the genus ''Chamaerops''; the genus is closely related to the Asian genus ''[[:Category:TRACHYCARPUS|Trachycarpus]]'', differing in the spined (not smooth) petioles and the multistemmed clumping habit.

It is a small clustering palm, growing to a height of 1-4 metres, rarely to 6 metres. The leaves are palmately compound, 1-1.5 m long, with 10-20 fingered leaflets 50-80 cm long arranged in a fan at the end of the heavily armed 30-70 cm petiole. In ''C. humilis'' var. ''humilis'' the leaves are green, while in ''C. humilis'' var. ''argentea'' they are strongly glaucous a silvery-blue waxy coating, similar in colour to ''[[Brahea armata]]'' leaves.

==Cultivation==

Although the northernmost naturally occurring palm in the world, ''Chamaerops humilis'' var. ''humilis'' is not as cold hardy as the high altitude Chinese ''[[Trachycarpus fortunei]]'', tolerating temperatures only down to about -15°C. Because of its multistemmed clumping nature, it is however more likely to grow back if frozen to the ground. ''C. humilis'' var. ''argentea'', coming from higher altitudes but further south, is about equally hardy; it grows somewhat slower.

The species grows best in Mediterranean climates like Italy, southern California, Chile, Western Australia and Cape Town, South Africa. Cool winters, with plenty of rain (or, not) and hot, dry summers are the best home for this species. It will take severe drought, but is happiest with regular, if infrequent water.

''C. humilis'' var. ''humilis'' tolerates high humidity, but may not look its best in moist climates. As plants get very old, the various stems can be cut back, or cut down from a freeze, and grow back from the base. It is hardy in the milder parts of Great Britain, but not nearly as commonly grown as the more reliable ''Trachycarpus fortunei''.

''C. humilis'' var. ''argentea'' is slower growing, and is prone to crown rot from overhead watering, far more than var. ''humilis''. It is probably more drought and heat tolerant, though. Although cold-hardy in Great Britain, the wet climate leads to poor success in cultivation, unless it is given exceptionally good drainage and some shelter from prolonged rain.

==Notes==
In popular literature, ''C. humilis'' var. ''argentea'' has often been listed under the name ''C. humilis'' var. ''cerifera''. This name is however a later publication (1920, versus 1885; [http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/qsearch.do?plantName=Chamaerops&page=quickSearch Kew Palms Checklist]) so is not the valid name for the variety.

==Photo gallery==
<gallery>
Image:Eur fan dstrick7.jpg|Bushy Juvenile - Athens, Georgia, USA
Image:Chamaerops FA.jpg|Fullerton Arboretum, California
Image:Chamaerops flowers H.JPG|Flowers
Image:Chamaerops silvery tops.jpg|California
Image:Chamaerops tall UCLA.jpg|UCLA Gardens, California
Image:Chamaerops fruits.jpg|Fruit
Image:Chamaerops cerifera Ralph's neighbor.jpg|''Chamaerops humilis'' var. ''argentea'', southern California
Image:Chamaerops cerifera Riverside.jpg|''Chamaerops humilis'' var. ''argentea'', Riverside, California
Image:Chamaerops bizzare leaves LL.JPG|Bizarre leaf form
</gallery>

{{SpeciesListBackLink}}

[[Category:CHAMAEROPS|humilis]]

Jubaea chilensis

2010-01-31T23:25:05Z

Phoenixcanariensis_blocked_old: link

{{Palmbox
|image=Jubaea LA arb.jpg
|image_caption=Specimen at the Los Angeles Arboretum
|genus='''''Jubaea'''''
|species='''''chilensis'''''
|continent=america
|habit=Solitary
|leaf_type=pinnate
|height=20-25 m
|trunk_diameter=100-130 cm
|sun_exposure=full
|watering=
|soil_type=
|common_names=Chilean Wine Palm
|synonyms=Cocos chilensis Jubaea spectabilis
}}
{{Palm Page}}

==Habitat and Distribution==

Native to central Chile between 32°S and 35°S latitude. It is the sole species in the genus ''Jubaea''.

==Description==

''Jubaea chilensis'' is a single-trunked, pinnate-leaved palm growing to 20-25 m tall. The trunk is the stoutest of any palm, commonly a metre diameter at the base, sometimes up to 1.3 m diameter, often widest in the upper part of the trunk, with smooth grey bark.

The dark green pinnate leaves are 3-5 m long, with pinnae to 30-50 cm long closely spaced along the rachis. Despite the length of the leaves, they often look disproportionally small compared to the massive trunk, particularly on larger trees. The leaf bases persist as grey-brown stubs for a while on young trees, but fall cleanly on mature trees.

The species is monoecious, with male and female flowers in separate panicles but on the same tree. They are produced on long, branched panicles. The fruit is green at first, ripening bright yellow, oval to globose, 4-5 cm long and 4 cm diameter, with a single large grey-brown seed 2.5 cm diameter; the fruit pulp is edible, but does not have a very good flavour. The nuts, called ''coquitos'' ("little coconuts") in Spanish, are also edible after cracking the hard shell, similar to coconut in texture and flavour.

==Cultivation==
''Jubaea chilensis'' is possibly the hardiest of the pinnate-leaved palms, tolerating temperatures down to about -12°C, about the same as for ''[[Butia capitata]]'', though more tolerant of winter wet than that species. This makes it popular in cooler temperate areas with a winter-wet mediterranean climate, though its very slow growth (particularly when young) and difficult availability in the past mean it is still a rare tree in most areas. Older cultivated trees often produce abundant fruit, so seedlings are becoming more widely available.

==Photo gallery==
<gallery>
Image:Jubaea inflorescences.jpg|Inflorescenes
Image:Jubaea shot two LL.jpg|
Image:Jubaeas LL.jpg|
Image:Jubaea trunk detail.jpg|Trunk detail
Image:Jubaea chilensis fruit.jpg|Fruit after seed extraction
Image:Jubaea blue Bruss.jpg|
Image:Jubaea FA.jpg|
Image:Jubaea trunk Huntington.jpg|Huntington
Image:Jubaea shorty FA.jpg|
Image:Jubaea seedling.jpg|Seedling
Image:Jubaea seed Topanga.jpg|
Image:Jubaea seedling SM.jpg|Young tree showing persistent leaf bases at first
Image:Jubaea petioles.jpg|Petioles
Image:Jubaea Lotus land arching leaves.jpg|Lotusland, California
Image:Jubaea LL.jpg|Lotusland, California
Image:Jubaea in Orlando Leu.jpg|Unhappy in Orlando
</gallery>

{{SpeciesListBackLink}}

[[Category:JUBAEA|chilensis]]

Jubaea chilensis

2010-01-31T23:02:21Z

Phoenixcanariensis_blocked_old: more details and pics

File:Jubaea chilensis fruit.jpg

2010-01-31T22:52:04Z

Phoenixcanariensis_blocked_old: ''Jubaea chilensis'', fruit pulp after seed extraction. Isole di Brissago, Switzerland.

''Jubaea chilensis'', fruit pulp after seed extraction. Isole di Brissago, Switzerland.

Chamaerops humilis

2010-01-31T17:47:36Z

Phoenixcanariensis_blocked_old: link corrected

Chamaerops humilis

2010-01-31T17:45:47Z

Phoenixcanariensis_blocked_old: link

[[Image:Chamaerops_humilis_argentea_2.jpg|left|350px|thumb|''Chamaerops humilis'' var. ''argentea'' in native habitat between Tizi-n-Tichka and Agouim, Morocco, at about 2000 m altitude.]]
{{Palmbox
|image=Chamaerops humilis huntington.jpg
|image_caption=
|genus='''Chamaerops'''
|species='''humilis'''
|synonyms=''Phoenix humilis''
|variety='''Chamaerops humilis'' var. ''humilis'''
|continent=europe
|habit=Clumping
|leaf_type=Fan
|height= 1.5 - 3m
|trunk_diameter=
|sun_exposure=Full sun
|watering=
|soil_type= Well drained
|hardiness=9
|common_names=European Fan Palm, Mediterranean Fan Palm
}}
{{Palmbox
|image=Chamaerops_humilis_argentea_1.jpg
|image_caption=Between Tizi-n-Tichka and Agouim, Morocco
|genus='''Chamaerops'''
|species='''humilis'''
|variety='''Chamaerops humilis'' var. ''argentea'''
|synonyms=Chamaerops humilis'' var. ''cerifera
|continent=africa
|habit=Clumping
|leaf_type=Fan
|height= 1.5 - 3m
|trunk_diameter=
|sun_exposure=Full sun
|watering=
|soil_type= Well drained
|hardiness=9
|common_names=Moroccan Fan Palm
}}
{{Palm Page}}

==Habitat and Distribution==
Native to the western Mediterranean region. There are two varieties:
*'''''Chamaerops humilis'' var. ''humilis'''''. Southwestern Europe, including Portugal, Spain, southernmost France, and western Italy, plus various western Mediterranean islands, always at fairly low altitudes. The northernmost naturally occurring palm in the world, at 43° 07' N at Hyères-les-Palmiers on the south coast of France.
*'''''Chamaerops humilis'' var. ''argentea''''' (syn. ''Chamaerops humilis'' var. ''cerifera''). Northwestern Africa, in the Atlas Mountains of Morocco at up to 2,000 m altitude.

==Description==
''Chamaerops humilis'' is the only species in the genus ''Chamaerops''; the genus is closely related to the Asian genus ''[[:Category:Trachycarpus|Trachycarpus]]'', differing in the spined (not smooth) petioles and the multistemmed clumping habit.

It is a small clustering palm, growing to a height of 1-4 metres, rarely to 6 metres. The leaves are palmately compound, 1-1.5 m long, with 10-20 fingered leaflets 50-80 cm long arranged in a fan at the end of the heavily armed 30-70 cm petiole. In ''C. humilis'' var. ''humilis'' the leaves are green, while in ''C. humilis'' var. ''argentea'' they are strongly glaucous a silvery-blue waxy coating, similar in colour to ''[[Brahea armata]]'' leaves.

==Cultivation==

Although the northernmost naturally occurring palm in the world, ''Chamaerops humilis'' var. ''humilis'' is not as cold hardy as the high altitude Chinese ''[[Trachycarpus fortunei]]'', tolerating temperatures only down to about -15°C. Because of its multistemmed clumping nature, it is however more likely to grow back if frozen to the ground. ''C. humilis'' var. ''argentea'', coming from higher altitudes but further south, is about equally hardy; it grows somewhat slower.

The species grows best in Mediterranean climates like Italy, southern California, Chile, Western Australia and Cape Town, South Africa. Cool winters, with plenty of rain (or, not) and hot, dry summers are the best home for this species. It will take severe drought, but is happiest with regular, if infrequent water.

''C. humilis'' var. ''humilis'' tolerates high humidity, but may not look its best in moist climates. As plants get very old, the various stems can be cut back, or cut down from a freeze, and grow back from the base. It is hardy in the milder parts of Great Britain, but not nearly as commonly grown as the more reliable ''Trachycarpus fortunei''.

''C. humilis'' var. ''argentea'' is slower growing, and is prone to crown rot from overhead watering, far more than var. ''humilis''. It is probably more drought and heat tolerant, though. Although cold-hardy in Great Britain, the wet climate leads to poor success in cultivation, unless it is given exceptionally good drainage and some shelter from prolonged rain.

==Notes==
In popular literature, ''C. humilis'' var. ''argentea'' has often been listed under the name ''C. humilis'' var. ''cerifera''. This name is however a later publication (1920, versus 1885; [http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/qsearch.do?plantName=Chamaerops&page=quickSearch Kew Palms Checklist]) so is not the valid name for the variety.

==Photo gallery==
<gallery>
Image:Eur fan dstrick7.jpg|Bushy Juvenile - Athens, Georgia, USA
Image:Chamaerops FA.jpg|Fullerton Arboretum, California
Image:Chamaerops flowers H.JPG|Flowers
Image:Chamaerops silvery tops.jpg|California
Image:Chamaerops tall UCLA.jpg|UCLA Gardens, California
Image:Chamaerops fruits.jpg|Fruit
Image:Chamaerops cerifera Ralph's neighbor.jpg|''Chamaerops humilis'' var. ''argentea'', southern California
Image:Chamaerops cerifera Riverside.jpg|''Chamaerops humilis'' var. ''argentea'', Riverside, California
Image:Chamaerops bizzare leaves LL.JPG|Bizarre leaf form
</gallery>

[[Category:CHAMAEROPS|humilis]]

Chamaerops humilis

2010-01-31T17:43:28Z

Phoenixcanariensis_blocked_old: more details and pics

[[Image:Chamaerops_humilis_argentea_2.jpg|left|350px|thumb|''Chamaerops humilis'' var. ''argentea'' in native habitat between Tizi-n-Tichka and Agouim, Morocco, at about 2000 m altitude.]]
{{Palmbox
|image=Chamaerops humilis huntington.jpg
|image_caption=
|genus='''Chamaerops'''
|species='''humilis'''
|synonyms=''Phoenix humilis''
|variety='''Chamaerops humilis'' var. ''humilis'''
|continent=europe
|habit=Clumping
|leaf_type=Fan
|height= 1.5 - 3m
|trunk_diameter=
|sun_exposure=Full sun
|watering=
|soil_type= Well drained
|hardiness=9
|common_names=European Fan Palm, Mediterranean Fan Palm
}}
{{Palmbox
|image=Chamaerops_humilis_argentea_1.jpg
|image_caption=Between Tizi-n-Tichka and Agouim, Morocco
|genus='''Chamaerops'''
|species='''humilis'''
|variety='''Chamaerops humilis'' var. ''argentea'''
|synonyms=Chamaerops humilis'' var. ''cerifera
|continent=africa
|habit=Clumping
|leaf_type=Fan
|height= 1.5 - 3m
|trunk_diameter=
|sun_exposure=Full sun
|watering=
|soil_type= Well drained
|hardiness=9
|common_names=Moroccan Fan Palm
}}
{{Palm Page}}

==Habitat and Distribution==
Native to the western Mediterranean region. There are two varieties:
*'''''Chamaerops humilis'' var. ''humilis'''''. Southwestern Europe, including Portugal, Spain, southernmost France, and western Italy, plus various western Mediterranean islands, always at fairly low altitudes. The northernmost naturally occurring palm in the world, at 43° 07' N at Hyères-les-Palmiers on the south coast of France.
*'''''Chamaerops humilis'' var. ''argentea''''' (syn. ''Chamaerops humilis'' var. ''cerifera''). Northwestern Africa, in the Atlas Mountains of Morocco at up to 2,000 m altitude.

==Description==
''Chamaerops humilis'' is the only species in the genus ''Chamaerops''; the genus is closely related to the Asian genus ''[[:Category:Trachycarpus|Trachycarpus]]'', differing in the spined (not smooth) petioles and the multistemmed clumping habit.

It is a small clustering palm, growing to a height of 1-4 metres, rarely to 6 metres. The leaves are palmately compound, 1-1.5 m long, with 10-20 fingered leaflets 50-80 cm long arranged in a fan at the end of the heavily armed 30-70 cm petiole. In ''C. humilis'' var. ''humilis'' the leaves are green, while in ''C. humilis'' var. ''argentea'' they are strongly glaucous a silvery-blue waxy coating, similar in colour to ''[[Brahea armata]]'' leaves.

==Cultivation==

Although the northernmost naturally occurring palm in the world, ''Chamaerops humilis'' var. ''humilis'' is not as cold hardy as the high altitude Chinese ''[[Trachycarpus fortunei]]'', tolerating temperatures only down to about -15°C. Because of its multistemmed clumping nature, it is however more likely to grow back if frozen to the ground. ''C. humilis'' var. ''argentea'', coming from higher altitudes but further south, is about equally hardy; it grows somewhat slower.

The species grows best in Mediterranean climates like Italy, southern California, Chile, Western Australia and Cape Town, South Africa. Cool winters, with plenty of rain (or, not) and hot, dry summers are the best home for this species. It will take severe drought, but is happiest with regular, if infrequent water.

''C. humilis'' var. ''humilis'' tolerates high humidity, but may not look its best in moist climates. As plants get very old, the various stems can be cut back, or cut down from a freeze, and grow back from the base. It is hardy in the milder parts of Great Britain, but not nearly as commonly grown as the more reliable ''Trachycarpus fortunei''.

''C. humilis'' var. ''argentea'' is slower growing, and is prone to crown rot from overhead watering, far more than var. ''humilis''. It is probably more drought and heat tolerant, though. Although cold-hardy in Great Britain, the wet climate leads to poor success in cultivation, unless it is given exceptionally good drainage and some shelter from prolonged rain.

==Notes==
In popular literature, ''C. humilis'' var. ''argentea'' has often been listed under the name ''C. humilis'' var. ''cerifera''. This name is however a later publication (1920, versus 1885; Kew Palms Checklist) so is not the valid name for the variety.

==Photo gallery==
<gallery>
Image:Eur fan dstrick7.jpg|Bushy Juvenile - Athens, Georgia, USA
Image:Chamaerops FA.jpg|Fullerton Arboretum, California
Image:Chamaerops flowers H.JPG|Flowers
Image:Chamaerops silvery tops.jpg|California
Image:Chamaerops tall UCLA.jpg|UCLA Gardens, California
Image:Chamaerops fruits.jpg|Fruit
Image:Chamaerops cerifera Ralph's neighbor.jpg|''Chamaerops humilis'' var. ''argentea'', southern California
Image:Chamaerops cerifera Riverside.jpg|''Chamaerops humilis'' var. ''argentea'', Riverside, California
Image:Chamaerops bizzare leaves LL.JPG|Bizarre leaf form
</gallery>

[[Category:CHAMAEROPS|humilis]]

Chamaerops cerifera

2010-01-31T17:43:15Z

Phoenixcanariensis_blocked_old: synonymy

#redirect [[Chamaerops humilis]]

File:Chamaerops humilis argentea 2.jpg

2010-01-31T16:58:15Z

Phoenixcanariensis_blocked_old: ''Chamaerops humilis'' var. ''argentea'', between Tizi-n-Tichka and Agouim, Morocco; approx 31°N 7°20'W.

''Chamaerops humilis'' var. ''argentea'', between Tizi-n-Tichka and Agouim, Morocco; approx 31°N 7°20'W.

File:Chamaerops humilis argentea 1.jpg

2010-01-31T16:52:00Z

Phoenixcanariensis_blocked_old: ''Chamaerops humilis'' var. ''argentea'', between Tizi-n-Tichka and Agouim, Morocco; approx 31°N 7°20'W.

''Chamaerops humilis'' var. ''argentea'', between Tizi-n-Tichka and Agouim, Morocco; approx 31°N 7°20'W.

Trachycarpus fortunei

2010-01-31T16:17:53Z

Phoenixcanariensis_blocked_old: link

Trachycarpus fortunei

2010-01-31T16:16:04Z

Phoenixcanariensis_blocked_old: more details

{{Palmbox
|image=525100084fNHBQj ph-1-.jpg
|image_caption=Old specimens, Georgia, USA
|genus='''''Trachycarpus'''''
|species='''''fortunei'''''
|continent=asia
|habit=solitary
|leaf_type=palmate
|height=10-13 m
|trunk_diameter=20-35 cm
|sun_exposure=full or part sun
|watering=
|soil_type=
|common_names=Chusan Palm
|synonyms=''Chamaerops fortunei'' ''Trachycarpus wagnerianus'' ''Trachycarpus excelsus''
}}
{{Palm Page}}

==Habitat and Distribution==

Native to southern and central China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Fujian, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), often in mountains at up to 2,400 m altitude, where the climate is cool and wet in summer, cold and often snowy in winter. The exact natural distribution is uncertain due to extensive cultivation for fibre products; some sources suggest it may also be native in southern Japan but it is more likely introduced and naturalised there.

==Description==

Single-trunked, palmate palm to 10 m (rarely 13 m) tall. The trunk is 15 - 30 cm diameter, often with a slightly wider base, and usually remains covered in dense fibre from the leaf bases; rarely this is shed on very old specimens leaving the trunks smooth.

Rounded crown of dark green leaves 1-2 m long, with 30-50 leaflets, these 60-80 cm long and 2.5-4 cm wide, arranged in a tight fan at the end of a 60-100 cm petiole. Unlike the closely related genus ''Chamaerops'', the leaf petioles are not spiny.

The species is dioecious, with separate male and female trees. The fruit is dark purple-blue when ripe, round, about 1 cm diameter, with a single seed. They are produced on densely branched panicles.

==Cultivation==
''Trachycarpus fortunei'' is notable as the hardiest palm known, tolerating winter temperatures below -20°C, and also tolerant of cool summer temperatures in oceanic climates such as Scotland and even the Faroe Islands at 62°N latitude, making it the northernmost palm outdoors anywhere in the world. Some planted in Plovdiv (Bulgaria) are known to have survived a temperature of -27.5°C, the coldest temperature reported to have been survived by any palm. It is tolerant of heavy snow cover.

A semi-dwarf cultivar group 'Wagnerianus' has been selected in Japan; it differs in slower growth, with smaller leaves with stiffer leaflets 20-30 cm long, and a trunk just 15 cm diameter. Because of its small size, it is more tolerant of windy sites than normal plants. It has often been treated in popular literature as a separate species "''Trachycarpus wagnerianus''", but does not differ botanically from typical ''Trachycarpus fortunei''.

''Trachycarpus fortunei'' is by far the commonest species of ''Trachycarpus'' in cultivation, though other species are slowly becoming more widely available. It is also by far the commonest palm generally in cultivation in Europe. It is showing some signs of becoming an invasive weed in northern Italy.

Popular nicknames for the Chusan Palm include "Trachy" for the species, and "Waggie" for 'Wagnerianus'. It is also sometimes called Windmill Palm.

==Photo gallery==
[[Image:Chusan Palm in snow.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Chusan Palm in snow, 55°N latitude, Northumberland, UK]]
[[Image:Trachywaggiekyle.jpg|thumb|250px|Specimen of 'Wagnerianus', Balboa Park, San Diego, CA]]

[[Category:TRACHYCARPUS|fortunei]]

Category:RHAPIDOPHYLLUM

2010-01-31T16:09:50Z

Phoenixcanariensis_blocked_old: cat

[[Category:PALM GENERA]]

Rhapidophyllum hystrix

2010-01-31T16:09:12Z

Phoenixcanariensis_blocked_old: more details

Trachycarpus wagnerianus

2010-01-31T15:42:32Z

Phoenixcanariensis_blocked_old: synonymy

#redirect [[Trachycarpus fortunei]]

Trachycarpus fortunei

2010-01-31T15:41:24Z

Phoenixcanariensis_blocked_old: pic

{{Palmbox
|image=525100084fNHBQj ph-1-.jpg
|image_caption=Old specimens, Georgia, USA
|genus='''''Trachycarpus'''''
|species='''''fortunei'''''
|continent=asia
|habit=solitary
|leaf_type=palmate
|height=10-13 m
|trunk_diameter=20-35 cm
|sun_exposure=full or part sun
|watering=
|soil_type=
|common_names=Chusan Palm
|synonyms=''Chamaerops fortunei'' ''Trachycarpus wagnerianus'' ''Trachycarpus excelsus''
}}
{{Palm Page}}

==Habitat and Distribution==

Native to southern and central China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Fujian, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), often in mountains at up to 2,400 m altitude, where the climate is cool and wet in summer, cold and often snowy in winter. The exact natural distribution is uncertain due to extensive cultivation for fibre products; some sources suggest it may also be native in southern Japan but it is more likely introduced and naturalised there.

==Description==

Single-trunked, palmate palm to 10 m (rarely 13 m) tall. The trunk is 15 - 30 cm diameter, often with a slightly wider base, and usually remains covered in dense fibre from the leaf bases; rarely this is shed on very old specimens leaving the trunks smooth.

Rounded crown of dark green leaves 1-2 m long, with 30-50 leaflets, these 60-80 cm long and 2.5-4 cm wide, arranged in a tight fan at the end of a 60-100 cm petiole. Unlike the closely related genus ''Chamaerops'', the leaf petioles are not spiny.

The species is dioecious, with separate male and female trees. The fruit is dark purple-blue when ripe, round, about 1 cm diameter, with a single seed. They are produced on densely branched panicles.

==Cultivation==
''Trachycarpus fortunei'' is notable as the hardiest palm known, tolerating winter temperatures below -20°C, and also tolerant of cool summer temperatures in oceanic climates such as Scotland and even the Faroe Islands at 62°N latitude, making it the northernmost palm outdoors anywhere in the world. Some planted in Plovdiv (Bulgaria) are known to have survived a temperature of -27.5°C, the coldest temperature reported to have been survived by any palm. It is tolerant of heavy snow cover.

A semi-dwarf cultivar group 'Wagnerianus' has been selected in Japan; it differs in smaller leaves with stiffer leaflets 20-30 cm long, and a trunk just 15 cm diameter. Because of its small size, it is more tolerant of windy sites than normal plants. It has often been treated in popular literature as a separate species"''Trachycarpus wagnerianus''", but does not differ botanically from typical ''Trachycarpus fortunei''.

''Trachycarpus fortunei'' is by far the commonest species of ''Trachycarpus'' in cultivation, though other species are slowly becoming more widely available. It is also by far the commonest palm generally in cultivation in Europe. It is showing some signs of becoming an invasive weed in northern Italy.

Popular nicknames for the Chusan Palm include "Trachy" for the species, and "Waggie" for 'Wagnerianus'. It is also sometimes called Windmill Palm.

==Photo gallery==
[[Image:Chusan Palm in snow.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Chusan Palm in snow, 55°N latitude, Northumberland, UK]]
[[Image:Trachywaggiekyle.jpg|thumb|250px|Specimen of 'Wagnerianus', Balboa Park, San Diego, CA]]

[[Category:TRACHYCARPUS|fortunei]]

Trachycarpus fortunei

2010-01-31T15:40:00Z

Phoenixcanariensis_blocked_old: more details and pics

{{Palmbox
|image=525100084fNHBQj ph-1-.jpg
|image_caption=Old specimens, Georgia, USA
|genus='''''Trachycarpus'''''
|species='''''fortunei'''''
|continent=asia
|habit=solitary
|leaf_type=palmate
|height=10-13 m
|trunk_diameter=20-35 cm
|sun_exposure=full or part sun
|watering=
|soil_type=
|common_names=Chusan Palm
|synonyms=''Chamaerops fortunei'' ''Trachycarpus wagnerianus'' ''Trachycarpus excelsus''
}}
{{Palm Page}}

==Habitat and Distribution==

Native to southern and central China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Fujian, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), often in mountains at up to 2,400 m altitude, where the climate is cool and wet in summer, cold and often snowy in winter. The exact natural distribution is uncertain due to extensive cultivation for fibre products; some sources suggest it may also be native in southern Japan but it is more likely introduced and naturalised there.

==Description==

Single-trunked, palmate palm to 10 m (rarely 13 m) tall. The trunk is 15 - 30 cm diameter, often with a slightly wider base, and usually remains covered in dense fibre from the leaf bases; rarely this is shed on very old specimens leaving the trunks smooth.

Rounded crown of dark green leaves 1-2 m long, with 30-50 leaflets, these 60-80 cm long and 2.5-4 cm wide, arranged in a tight fan at the end of a 60-100 cm petiole. Unlike the closely related genus ''Chamaerops'', the leaf petioles are not spiny.

The species is dioecious, with separate male and female trees. The fruit is dark purple-blue when ripe, round, about 1 cm diameter, with a single seed. They are produced on densely branched panicles.

==Cultivation==
''Trachycarpus fortunei'' is notable as the hardiest palm known, tolerating winter temperatures below -20°C, and also tolerant of cool summer temperatures in oceanic climates such as Scotland and even the Faroe Islands at 62°N latitude, making it the northernmost palm outdoors anywhere in the world. Some planted in Plovdiv (Bulgaria) are known to have survived a temperature of -27.5°C, the coldest temperature reported to have been survived by any palm. It is tolerant of heavy snow cover.

A semi-dwarf cultivar group 'Wagnerianus' has been selected in Japan; it differs in smaller leaves with stiffer leaflets 20-30 cm long, and a trunk just 15 cm diameter. Because of its small size, it is more tolerant of windy sites than normal plants. It has often been treated in popular literature as a separate species"''Trachycarpus wagnerianus''", but does not differ botanically from typical ''Trachycarpus fortunei''.

''Trachycarpus fortunei'' is by far the commonest species of ''Trachycarpus'' in cultivation, though other species are slowly becoming more widely available. It is also by far the commonest palm generally in cultivation in Europe. It is showing some signs of becoming an invasive weed in northern Italy.

Popular nicknames for the Chusan Palm include "Trachy" for the species, and "Waggie" for 'Wagnerianus'. It is also sometimes called Windmill Palm.

==Photo gallery==
[[Image:Chusan Palm in snow.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Chusan Palm in snow, 55°N latitude, Northumberland, UK]]

[[Category:TRACHYCARPUS|fortunei]]

File:Chusan Palm in snow.jpg

2010-01-31T15:15:57Z

Phoenixcanariensis_blocked_old: Chusan Palm ''Trachycarpus fortunei'' in snow, in a garden in Northumberland, UK

Chusan Palm ''Trachycarpus fortunei'' in snow, in a garden in Northumberland, UK

Template talk:Palmbox

2010-01-31T12:46:19Z

Phoenixcanariensis_blocked_old:

==Start discussion here ==
I think it is better to discuss about the Palmbox here. --[[User:Ldgarcia27|Ldgarcia27]] 20:19, 16 June 2007 (PDT)
*Luis, I have already left you a response on your TalkPage, before I saw this. I'll look into this further in a few days. It's a little "over my head," but I want to learn. :-) [[User:Dypsisdean|Dypsisdean]] 12:49, 17 June 2007 (PDT)

==Changes in Palmbox==
Dean, I made new changes to the Palmbox according to your suggestions.
*I removed the binomial_name, because I agree it is redundant.
*The binomial_authority field was renamed for '''taxonomist'''.
*The title of the box is '''Other information''', but don't know if another title should go instead.
*The common names subsection is now in the bottom of the box.
 
I think the division, class, etc... are not essential, but they are a good reference point for an user that doesn't know about the scientific classification and is reading an article for the first time.
 
Take a look at the [[R. taedigera| Raphia taedigera]] page to see the example. Please let me know what you think.
 
--[[User:Ldgarcia27|Ldgarcia27]] 21:10, 27 June 2007 (PDT)
*Luis, Please hold off on adding any more boxes at this time. I believe this will be a very important addition to each palm page and to Palmpedia as a whole, and we need to get it right the first time. Let me give it some more thought, and you do the same. My thoughts at this point are: 
*1) We should use a standard photo for the photo in each box. One that is as near as possible to a shot of the whole palm. In other words, the photo we have that best represents the overall appearance of the palm for people to use for ID purposes.
*2) Perhaps the "heading" could have the complete binomial and the taxonomist reference there as well, in italics as I usually see them, don't I?
*3) Maybe this box could be more of a quick reference guide with size (trunk diameter, height), exposure (understory, emergent, full sun, etc.), cold hardiness (based on the SZS), etc. That way someone could quickly look and, for example, see the palm they were thinking about growing is a fairly large, understory, tropical palm, and determine that is not meant for their garden. Maybe add "forms" green/blue, entire leaf/pinnate, suckering/solitary, etc. Maybe the native continent. Just a bunch of thoughts I'm throwing out.........
*4) I still think it's too repetitive to have the same identical division, class, order on a few thousand pages, just for a first time reader.
But as I said, let me think a little more. Please give me your feedback. How hard would it be to have an outline around it like the wikipedia taxobox has? [[User:Dypsisdean|Dypsisdean]] 00:23, 28 June 2007 (PDT)

Hi Dean,

I will create the Palmbox version 2.
 This should have:
 -Morphology subsection
 -Border
 -Hardiness zone
 -Native continent (with automatic map)
 
I have already know how to do it, but I need some time. Do you want any other feature in special? 
Also I would like to ask what info would you like in the Scientific classification subsection. Right now I am thinking on Genus, Species and Subspecies(if any). Let me know what you think. :)
--[[User:Ldgarcia27|Ldgarcia27]] 20:05, 28 June 2007 (PDT)
*Luis, For the top heading --- can there be room for the binomial and the taxonomist notation? Maybe the taxonomist is unnecessary. I don't pay much attention to it, and it's a lot more work, but it looks more official and scientific. But there is a reason I would like to get the full name to appear there. The Palm Page, as it is now, only has the name like D. lutescens. So people Googling for Dypsis lutescens do not see it. The more references we have to the full name, the more likely search engines will refer to our site when searching for a specific apecies. Most people have found PalmTalk by Googling for a species name. So we need to keep that in mind. I didn't think of that when I set up the main index.
*The map is a nice idea. Eye candy never hurts. :-) I saw your thread on palm heights on PalmTalk. That's what gave me the idea of a section on size in the PalmBox. Do you plan on collecting that data anyway? I don't want the PalmBox to get too busy or complicated, but a quick reference with a good pic, the size, hardiness, and exposure (sun/shade) would be useful for new growers. IMO. I think most people doing research on the web are getting info to find out if they can grow a specific palm, so that is why I like to have a lot of cultural information. I think genus, species, and subspecies is enough. I am wondering how to handle all the Dypsis where we do not have a species name yet. Same for some other genera like Calyptrocalyx. Maybe genus, species listed as "sp." and the space for subspecies could be the temporary name like 'Orange Crush.' I'm still "thinking out loud." Do you think size and exposure will be too much info to try and squeeze in? It will be in the description in more detail, but it might be nice to have the quick reference. Ideas??? BTW, the hybrid box is a good idea as well. But let's concentrate on one task at a time. :-)

*Dean, I have a lot done by now. Just need time to add the automatic image of the continent (because it implies making another template specialized for that) and some other stuff. The Palmbox 2.0 is been designed with a more friendly architecture so it will be easier to update. Yes, the height topic at Palmtalk was getting some feedback, because I need info for designing the database of an application I am planning since a lot ago.
The idea on adding ''sp.'' on unknown ''Dypsis'' is good, I will add a '''cultivar''' space that can be used instead of subspecies in those special cases. Maybe by Saturday or Friday when I have more time I can finish the last things and send you a preview. :)
--[[User:Ldgarcia27|Ldgarcia27]] 22:03, 28 June 2007 (PDT)
*I forgot to add that the cultural info as exposure and size are great. They would not be any problem.
*Luis, Please don't feel in any hurry. I have plenty to keep my hands full. [[User:Dypsisdean|Dypsisdean]] 22:22, 28 June 2007 (PDT)

*Hi Dean, I finished the '''Palmbox 2.0''' :). I put in all the features you wanted. I created some documentation [[Help:Palmbox | here]]. You can see a working example [[R. taedigera| here]] Please let me know what you think.--[[User:Ldgarcia27|Ldgarcia27]] 09:54, 30 June 2007 (PDT)
*Great job Luis --- Thanks for all the work, it looks great. I am asking a few others for their input. The one thing I would like (I think) is to have the full name in the "Heading" at the top, instead of "Quick Reference." As I explained before, this is due mainly to the way search engines work. The more we can get the full name (Dypsis decipiens) as opposed to an abreviation (D. decipiens), to appear on the page, the more relevent a search will be when someone Googles Dypsis decipiens. Nobody really searches for "D. decipiens." So we need to have the full name appear on the page, and that is a good place to put it. And if we have the scientific binomial there, we don't need to repeat it below. Do you think we could have it so the binomial would be in two rows, with the genus on top and species underneath. (Without the words 'genus' and 'species'), because otherwise the names would be too long, I think. I am also considering having the box on the left side of the page. That way the name and photo would be the first thing noticed. In addition, since all photos posted default to the right side, it may be easier in the long run to have most of the other photos stay on the right.
*The documentation you provided is excellent. The map, and the way you set it up, is very nice. And I like the idea of synonyms. It looks more professional with the outline, as well. And having links in there for definitions, etc. is a nice touch. I know this took a lot of thought and work, so thank you very much.
*I'm having a little trouble figuring out how to set up the cold hardiness zones, etc. You and I don't have to worry about all that stuff (thankfully), but having lived in California I know it is crucial information for everyone there and in many other parts of the world. So I will devote more time to it so we will have some info to plug in to the Palmbox. [[User:Dypsisdean|Dypsisdean]] 12:50, 30 June 2007 (PDT)
*Luis, I tried saving you some trouble and moved the Palmbox to the left. However, I see there is some "margin" syntax that would need to be made as well, and I didn't want to mess things up. But I did get to see what it would kind of look like. And I think the left looks better. Tell me what you think. BTW --- I noticed there is one little piece of outline missing in the lower right. [[User:Dypsisdean|Dypsisdean]] 13:27, 30 June 2007 (PDT)

*Hi Dean,
I already fixed the header, is better not to take out the genus and species words because it would make the scientific classification subsection incomplete. I think the palmbox in the right is more noticeable, I have seen that many of the ads on webpages are on right mainly because of this. Just in case, I will try to find how to fix it to make it look fine on the left. When you need to add the hardiness details let me know. --[[User:Ldgarcia27|Ldgarcia27]] 15:04, 30 June 2007 (PDT)
*Luis, Looks good!!! The wiki already has a predetermined space under the navigation menu on the left of each page specifically for advertising. The Navigation, Search, and Toolbox menus will always stay where they are, so if the Palmbox were on the left it would be the "Gateway" to the page, always next to those menus. I was thinking it would be the first thing people would read, and see the heading with the full name and recognizable photo.
*I changed the 'float' parameter to "float:left;' and the box moved over to the left just fine. However, if you do that you will see there is no margin between the text and the box. I realize this may be complicated since all the sections may need 'padding' or something. But you will see if you make that edit, then there appears to be 'padding' on the left side of the box now for a margin. Whatever puts that margin there could maybe easily swithced or copied over. I hope you understand what I am trying to say. If it will take a lot of editing, hold off for now. I could very well change my mind on that. Oh, and when I was talking about eliminating the genus and species, I was talking about eliminating the whole section of Scientific classification since we already have the full name in the Heading now. I just thought with the addition of the other sub-sections it was getting too "busy." Again, thanks for all the hard work. When this is done and standardized it should give the pages a lot of needed structure. [[User:Dypsisdean|Dypsisdean]] 20:37, 30 June 2007 (PDT)

== You're Right --- Right is Better ==

Luis, After thinking it over, I think the right hand side is better. That way the "graphics" are on the left and right and are split up with the text in the middle. I hope you haven't worked too much on switching it. I'm still thinking the Scientific Name could go though, and maybe making the text in the heading a little larger. Thanks again.

*Hi Dean, your welcome. I am learning and enjoying a lot working on the Palmbox. I think that the Scientific classification subsection should be kept because it is important for palms with a subspecies or a cultivar (for example the unknown ''Dypsis''). It would help visitors identify the classification differences for example in the ''Dypsis ambositrae'' and its cultivar. Do you want to add any more to any subsection? Maybe the sex of the palm tree (monoecious, dioecious, hermaphrodite)??? I read your PM @ palmtalk, I already uploaded the picture ([[I. deltoidea| here]]) and added some info on that palm.
*Luis, for now I think any more info can be covered in the text part of the page. We don't want the box so 'busy' that people skim it too quickly. [[User:Dypsisdean|Dypsisdean]] 19:20, 6 July 2007 (PDT)
*Luis, I had an idea that came from my discussions on the Species Zone Scale. We are thinking about some icons to make a point about culture requirements. Like a small red/blue thermometer for heat/cool loving palms, a sun for sun lovers, a sun with a cloud for partial sun, and a cloud for shade lovers. What do you think about that for the Palmbox for exposure and/or watering. A little cloud with rain for water lovers. A sun for full sun. A red drop for warm humid, a blue drop for cooler oceanic palms, a small gif for solitary, a small gif for suckering. Just let me know if you think it is a worthwhile idea. We may be doing it for the SZS so it might be good to use the same symbols if you like the idea. [[User:Dypsisdean|Dypsisdean]] 19:29, 6 July 2007 (PDT)

*Hi Dean, I think it is a cool idea. Althought a help page explaining the icons should be made. I will wait for the icons to be uploaded, then I will modify the Palmbox according to them. Having icons, in fact, is more suitable for a quick reference box. --[[User:Ldgarcia27|Ldgarcia27]] 14:19, 7 July 2007 (PDT)

*Luis, I haven't given up on this idea. However, there are a few problems and concerns. The problem with .gifs in the wiki is that they all link to the "image page" for that .gif. It is apparently difficult to get a .gif image to link to somthing else other than it's own page. I did some research and there is a lot of discussion about this, and apparently some ways to do it, but none are simple.
*And I think it's important to have a link from the Palmbox to the Survivability Index data for the particular palm. That is because the SI will not have an index of it's own since they are not listed alphabeticaly or any other indexed way. So if a person wishes the detailed hardiness info on a particular palm, they will need ot go to the PalmPage first and then click on the link to the SI data for that palm. If we have .gifs in there, people will be clicking on them and get directed to the image page for the .gif. This will be confusing for newcomers. I hope you understand what I mean. [[User:Dypsisdean|Dypsisdean]] 12:54, 5 August 2007 (PDT)
*Hi, Dean. I will try to research about making links on images. I will write more about the SI later. --[[User:Ldgarcia27|Luis Diego]] 22:40, 5 August 2007 (PDT)
== SI ==
Dean,
I have looked at the SI pages and here is what I think you want on the PalmBox:
 
<nowiki>
{{Palmbox 
</nowiki>
 ...
 <nowiki>|si=mediterranean, subtropical</nowiki>
 <nowiki>|zone=1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B, 4A, 4B, 5A, 5B</nowiki>
 <nowiki>}}</nowiki>

'''The PalmBox could automatically output: '''
 
 
Survibability Index
 
This is a semi-hardy palm.
 <nowiki><link>SSI Zone: 2A / The Queen Zone.</link></nowiki>
 
'''Or:''' 
 
Survibability Index
 
This is a temperate palm.
 <nowiki><link>MSI Zone: 3A / The Chamaedorea Zone.</link></nowiki> --[[User:Ldgarcia27|Luis Diego]] 16:14, 6 August 2007 (PDT)
*Luis, I think you have misunderstood. I would simply like to be able to list the Zone number as a link in the Palmbox. For example, (and maybe we will re-name "hardiness" to 'Survival Index') but just be able to have it say '''MSI #2A''' and have it be a link to that page. I tried doing it for [[H. indica]] but it doesn't work like it does elsewhere on the wiki, because of template code I am guessing. Look at H. indica (I left it "broken") and I think you well understand what I am saying. In the SI each palm will have a page discussing the hardiness, etc. Eventually the link could take you directly to that page. Each palm will have a MSI (Med SI) number and a SSI (Sub SI) number. So in the box it would say --- Hardiness: MSI #2A, SSI #2B ---and both would be links to the respective page. It should prompt people to click around more within the wiki. I know this is not important for you or me since we live in tropical areas, but this is extrememly important data for everyone else, and is something that will get people to come to the site if we can make it worthwhile. There is still a lot of work to do there. I will try to get it better organized soon. [[User:Dypsisdean|Dypsisdean]] 17:11, 6 August 2007 (PDT)
*The .gif (image) linking was a different issue. That had to do with putting the weather icons in the box, but also relates to some other things I was trying to do as well. You would think the wiki software would have an easy way to make an image a link. Like I said, it's a well known limitation and there are supposedly some work arounds. Not of great importance at the moment, but an interesting concept. [[User:Dypsisdean|Dypsisdean]] 17:05, 6 August 2007 (PDT)
*Dean, I have finished to code the MSI an SSI integration. Try using it, and tell me if it is right that way. --[[User:Ldgarcia27|Luis Diego]] 05:54, 7 August 2007 (PDT)
*Luis, I just took a quick look and it appears to be exactly what I was looking for. Thank you very much. I will take a closer look later today, but it appears perfect. I hope you are not neglecting your school work to get these alterations done. :-) [[User:Dypsisdean|Dypsisdean]] 13:30, 7 August 2007 (PDT)
*You are welcome Dean. If any thing should be modified let me know. Don't worry I am not neglecting my school work :).
--[[User:Ldgarcia27|Luis Diego]] 17:23, 8 August 2007 (PDT)

==Continent==
From the Palmbox info:
:For the continent variable the only values that may be entered are: america, africa, asia, europe and oceania. If other value is entered the PalmBox will output the following message: "Please enter a valid name for a continent".

Is there any way of entering more than one continent? Some palms are native to two continents, e.g. ''[[Chamaerops humilis]]'' in SW Europe and NW Africa. Also, what about ''[[Phoenix canariensis]]''? - it is native to no continent at all, just to oceanic islands (the Canary Islands); I've put 'Africa' for it as that is the closest continent, but that isn't strictly correct. 'Atlantic' would be better, but isn't available. - [[User:Phoenixcanariensis|Phoenixcanariensis]] 02:46, January 31, 2010 (HST)

Phoenix dactylifera

2010-01-31T12:29:53Z

Phoenixcanariensis_blocked_old: more details and pics

[[Image:Phoenix_dactylifera0.jpg|left|thumb|350px|In habitat, Merzouga, Morocco. Multi-stemmed specimens.]]
{{Palmbox
|image=Phoenix dactylifera2.jpg
|image_caption=Date Palm at Merzouga on the edge of the Sahara Desert, Morocco. Single-stemmed specimens.
|genus='''''Phoenix'''''
|species='''''dactylifera'''''
|continent=africa
|habit=solitary or clumped
|leaf_type=pinnate
|height=10-30 m
|trunk_diameter=40-60 cm
|sun_exposure=full
|watering=
|soil_type=
|common_names=Date Palm
|synonyms=
}}
{{Palm Page}}

==Habitat and Distribution==

Probably native to northern Africa and southwestern Asia; exact natural distribution unknown due to extensive cultivation for at least 8,000 years.

==Description==

Single- or multiple-trunked, pinnate palm to 15-25 m (rarely 30 m) tall. The trunk is 40 - 60 cm diameter, often with a much wider base.

Rounded crown of dark green feather leaves 3-5 m long, with pinnae to 20-40 cm long closely spaced along the rachis. Like all ''Phoenix'', it has long, sharp spines at the bases of the leaves, which are formed from modified leaflets.

The species is dioecious, with separate male and female trees. The fruit are yellow or orange when ripe (turning brown when dried), 3-5 (-7) cm long and 2-3 cm diameter, with a large seed; the fruit pulp is edible and delicious, and is the basis for a major fruit crop of global importance (dates). They are produced on long, densely branched panicles.

==Cultivation==
Date Palms are grown in extensive orchards throughout southwestern Asia and northern Africa wherever adequate groundwater supplies are available. Major produces include Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Libya, Morocco, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia. More recently, orchards have been established in the New World in Mexico and southern California.

It is also grown as an ornamental tree; it is popular with people starting growing palms for the first time due to the very easy availability of seed; the stones from shop-bought dates (even dried dates) will grow readily. As an ornamental plant, it is however less attractive than many other palms, with sparser, more rigid foliage (less graceful) than the related Canary Island Date Palm ''[[Phoenix canariensis]]''.

It will tolerate frosts down to about -10°C but only for brief periods, and cannot tolerate cold wet winter weather as well as ''P. canariensis''; this makes cultivation outdoors in e.g. the British Isles impossible, unlike ''P. canariensis'' which can be grown there in milder areas.

==Photo gallery==
[[Image:Date Palm view Palm Desert.JPG|250px|thumb|left|An avenue of Date Palms in southern California]]

 
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}
[[Category:PHOENIX|dactylifera]]

File:Phoenix dactylifera0.jpg

2010-01-31T11:59:41Z

Phoenixcanariensis_blocked_old: ''Phoenix dactylifera'', Merzouga, Morocco

''Phoenix dactylifera'', Merzouga, Morocco

File:Phoenix dactylifera2.jpg

2010-01-31T11:46:40Z

Phoenixcanariensis_blocked_old: ''Phoenix dactylifera'', Merzouga, Morocco

''Phoenix dactylifera'', Merzouga, Morocco

Phoenix canariensis

2010-01-31T11:28:22Z

Phoenixcanariensis_blocked_old: more details and pics

__noeditsection__
<google>CH02</google>
[[Image:Phoenix_canariensis_Grove.jpg|left|thumb|350px|In Habitat, Canary Islands - Photo Carlo Morici]]
{{Palmbox
|image=Pcanaryleaneye.jpg
|image_caption=This Canary Island Date Palm has been featured in many movies and television shows. Los Angeles County Arboretum, CA
|genus='''''Phoenix'''''
|species='''''canariensis'''''
|continent=africa
|habit=solitary
|leaf_type=pinnate
|height=10-20 m (40-70ft)
|trunk_diameter=60-90 cm (2-3ft)
|sun_exposure=full
|watering=
|soil_type=
|common_names=Canary Island Date Palm (English) Palmera Canaria (Español)
|synonyms=
}}
{{Palm Page}}
==Habitat and Distribution==

Native to the Canary Islands, off the northwestern coast of Africa.

==Description==

Single-trunked, dioecious, pinnate palm to 20 m (66 feet) or more tall; exceptionally tall specimens can be up to 40 m (120 feet). The trunk is 60 - 90 cm (2-3ft) in diameter, often with a much wider base.

Rounded crown of dark green feather leaves 4-6 m ( feet) long, with pinnae to 20-40 cm long closely spaced along the rachis. Like all ''Phoenix'', ''P. canariensis'' has long, extremely sharp spines at the bases of the leaves, which are formed from modified leaflets.

The species is dioecious, with separate male and female trees. The fruit are orange, 2 cm long and 1 cm diameter, with a large seed; the fruit pulp is edible, but usually too thin to be worth eating. They are produced on long, densely branched panicles.

Specimens are sometimes trimmed to remove the lower leaves but this leaves the leaf-bases to create an ugly "airborne pineapple" effect.

==Culture==

Within the limits of its hardiness (down to about -10°C) ''P. canariensis'' is adapted to more habitats and soils than almost any other palm. This, combined with its relative hardiness to cold, make it one of the most widely-planted palms on Earth. Excellent specimens can be found from London to Sydney, from Honolulu to Pakistan, from Tasmania to Durban, and almost anywhere else with a suitable climate. Which is a wide swath of the world.

Best in Mediterranean climates, like those in Italy, southern California, Chile, etc., P. canriensis will also grow in the tropics. Fine stalwart specimens can even be found in cool (but not cold) maritime climates like Northern Ireland, Tasmania, or San Francisco.

While best in full sun and the usual well-drained loamy soil, ''P. canariensis'' can tolerate a wide range of exposures, including deep shade, and a wide range of soil types, including sand and heavy clay. It has a unique ability to tolerate both severe drought and flooding very well, which makes them ideal to plant in housing tracts in which the soil was heavily compacted.

In ideal conditions, seedlings grow pinnate leaves within about a year from sprouting, and increase to full width in about 5 years, at which point they begin to form a trunk. They can then put on about 30 cm (12") trunk height growth a year, though they are usually much slower, particularly when young.

In climates cold enough to freeze the entire crown (such as parts of New Mexico), regrowth is slow and often stunted.

In popular use, the English name is often abbreviated to the acronym "CIDP".

==Photo Gallery==
 
<gallery>
Image:Phoenix canariensis 55N.jpg|Young plant about 6 or 7 years old, at 55°N latitude, Northumberland, UK
Image:Phoenix canariensis 55N snow.jpg|''Phoenix canariensis'' can tolerate snow, as long as temperatures are not too severe
Image:IMG_0735.JPG|More than likely a male, Masonic Temple, New Smyrna Beach, Florida
Image:IMG_0336.JPG|Island of Venizia, New Smyrna Beach, Florida
Image:Canariensisfruit.JPG|Fruiting tree in Tampa, Fl.
</gallery>

 
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}
[[Category:PHOENIX|canariensis]]

File:Phoenix canariensis 55N snow.jpg

2010-01-31T11:10:14Z

Phoenixcanariensis_blocked_old: Young ''Phoenix canariensis'' at 55°N, Northumberland, UK, with snow

Young ''Phoenix canariensis'' at 55°N, Northumberland, UK, with snow

File:Phoenix canariensis 55N.jpg

2010-01-31T11:10:03Z

Phoenixcanariensis_blocked_old: Young ''Phoenix canariensis'' at 55°N, Northumberland, UK

Young ''Phoenix canariensis'' at 55°N, Northumberland, UK