Difference between revisions of "Pinanga javana"

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image:6f3eb1.jpg|Hawaii. Photo by Geoff Stein
 
image:6f3eb1.jpg|Hawaii. Photo by Geoff Stein
 
image:7e7687.jpg|Hawaii. Photo by Geoff Stein
 
image:7e7687.jpg|Hawaii. Photo by Geoff Stein
image:PjP1010030_1.jpg|Floribunda Palms, Hawaii. Photo by Steve Piercy
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File:pinanga javana large pot (large).jpg|Floribunda Palms, Hawaii. Photo by Steve Piercy
 
image:PjP1010026_1.jpg|Floribunda Palms, Hawaii.
 
image:PjP1010026_1.jpg|Floribunda Palms, Hawaii.
 
image:PjIMG_1670.jpg|San Diego, CA. Matt giving scale. Photo by Matt in SD
 
image:PjIMG_1670.jpg|San Diego, CA. Matt giving scale. Photo by Matt in SD

Revision as of 08:44, 2 May 2016

Pinanga (pih-NAHN-gah)
javana (jah-VAHN-ah)
Pj878z.jpg
Cibodas, Java, Indonesia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
Scientific Classification
Genus: Pinanga (pih-NAHN-gah)
Species:
javana (jah-VAHN-ah)
Synonyms
None set.
Native Continent
Oceania
Oceania.gif
Morphology
Habit: Solitary
Leaf type: Pinnate
Culture
Survivability index
Common names
Pinang hanyawar, pinangpanyawar (West Java), palem barong (East Java), pinang jawa.

Habitat and Distribution

Pinanga javana is endemic to Java, now confined to the mountains of West Java. This species was recorded
Cibodas, West Java, Indonesia. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
on Mt. Slamet (Central Java) (Whitten et al. 1994) but was not found when we searched for it in 1999. Specimens collected by Backer in 1914 from Mt. Wills and by Kobus from Mt. Tengger indicate that it once grew in East Java; however, during field observation in 1998, no P. javana was found in either locality. It is possible that this species is extinct (extirpated) at these locations. Occurring on very steep hillsides in moist lower montane forest and damp montane forest in deep soil at altitudes of 800-1,700 m above sea level, but not on ridge tops. (J.R. Witono, J.P. Mogea and S. Somadikarta. 2002)/Palmweb.

Description

Robust, solitary palm. Stem erect, 4-10 m tall, 10-15 cm in diam., internodes to 10-30 cm, stem surface green brownish, smooth, slightly fissured longitudinally. Crownshaft elongate, 150-200 cm long, 25 cm in diam., swollen, purplish brown, with brown scales. Leaves 10 in the crown, pinnate; whole leaf (including leaf-sheath, petiole, and rachis) 250-300 cm with silvery indumentum on petiole and rachis, very massive; leaf-sheath to 100 cm; petiole to 30 cm, concave adaxially, convex abaxially; rachis 3 cm in diam.; leaflets 10-15 on each side of rachis, regularly arranged, slightly arcuate, elongate linear-lanceolate, falcate-sigmoid, equidistant, basal leaflets 65-95 x 1-6 cm, ribs 1-3, middle leaflets 70-115 x 2.7 cm, ribs 1-3, apical leaflets 19-55 x 1.5-7.5 cm, ribs 2-7. Inflorescence infrafoliar, hand-like, spreading pendulous, 40-50 cm long, peduncle erect at base, flattened, 9-16 cm long, 0.8-1.5 cm thick; prophyll not known; rachillae 8-13, arranged distichously alternate, at the base 23-35 cm with 19-21 triads, at the apex 18-27 cm with 15-17 triads, peduncle, rachis, and rachillae green when young, pinkish red with age. Triads distichous, alternate. Pistillate flower (calyx and corolla) cream, ovary green; calyx cup-shaped, sepals 3, imbricate, broadly orbicular, 6-8 x 4-4.5 mm, smooth, thick at the middle, thin at side, with ciliate margins, apex mucronate; corolla with 3 cucullate rounded ciliate petals, 4-6 x 3-4 mm, apex mucronate-obtuse. Fruit ovoid to ellipsoid, 20-26 x 11-14 mm, pale pinkish yellow when young, when ripe turning dark red then black, pericarp densely fibrous, endocarp thin, membranous. Seed ovoid to ellipsoid, 18-21 x 10-13 mm, deeply ruminate. (J.R. Witono, J.P. Mogea and S. Somadikarta. 2002)/Palmweb. Editing by edric.

Dr. Dransfield collected P. iavana in 1973 on Mt. Pulasari, Mandalawangi, West Java, where this species is abundant in summit mossy forest at altitude 800 m asl. In its morphology, P. javana is quite different from P. coronata. It is a robust palm, always solitary, and the arrangement of the rachillae is always alternate and distichous. On the other hand, P. coronata is a small and clustered palm, and the arrangement of its rachillae is always spiral. The distribution of these species is also different. Pinanga javana is very restricted, found only in lower montane forest (800-1,700 m asl) in West and East Java, while P. coronata is more widespread, and is found from Sumatra, Java, to Lesser Sunda Islands, from sea level to montane forest. (J.R. Witono, J.P. Mogea and S. Somadikarta. 2002)/Palmweb.

Culture

"Although they are hardier than a lot of Pinangas, they are still pretty tender! They like heat, but will also tolerate more dry than most Pinangas I've tried." (Daryl O'Connor)

"They do grow well, but really can't take freezes or even prolonged or continuous sub- 35f weather. It doesn't mean they're impossible though. My experience is with young ones (seedlings). I would keep them in pots for a couple years anyway, and in filtered light. I've heard they take sun eventually, but I haven't got mine to that point apparently; they hate any direct sun at a young age." (Bret Qua)

"This is (was?) a two year old, in the ground plant about 18" tall. The cold december temps with plenty of near- freezing nights battered it, but it continued to push a nice green spear. 26F seems to have put an end to that." (Bret Qua),

Comments and Curiosities

"One of the only solitary Pinangas I have seen growing in California. This one has some remarkable cold tolerance for a Pinanga, and has even set viable seed here in Ventura County, California. It has a long, golden crownshaft, a relatively sparse crown of leaves, and a thin (2") green, ringed trunk. This is a native of the island of Java." (Geoff Stein)

A beautiful palm from the Indonesian island of Java, where it grows in montane rainforests. Quite a large species, it forms a solitary, tall trunk, topped by a silky green crownshaft that holds several gracefully arching, pinnate leaves with wide leaflets. It will adapt to frost-free warm temperate as well as tropical climates. (RPS.com)



External Links

References

Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.

Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.

Special thanks to Palmweb.org, Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.

Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).

J.R. Witono & J.P. Mogea & S. Somadikarta, Pinanga in Java and Bali. 2002. 2002. Pinanga in Java and Bali. Palms 46(4) 193-202.


Many Special Thanks to Ed Vaile for his long hours of tireless editing and numerous contributions.

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