Difference between revisions of "Actinorhytis calapparia"

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'''Calappa Palm'''
 
 
{{Palmbox
 
{{Palmbox
 
|image=AcDSCF1713.jpg
 
|image=AcDSCF1713.jpg
|image_caption=Actinorhytis callaparia palm, on the roadside near Gihinathena, on the way to Hatton, Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe, edric.
+
|image_caption=Actinorhytis callaparia palm, on the roadside near Gihinathena, on the way to Hatton, Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe.
|genus=Actinorhytis {ahk-tin-oh-RITE-iss)
+
|genus=Actinorhytis {ahk-tin-oh-REE-tiss)
 
|species=<br>calapparia (kah-lahp-pahr-EE-ah)
 
|species=<br>calapparia (kah-lahp-pahr-EE-ah)
 
|subspecies=
 
|subspecies=
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}}
 
}}
 
==Habitat and Distribution==
 
==Habitat and Distribution==
''Actinorhytis calapparia'' is found in New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. Tropical rainforests from sea level to 1000m (3000').
+
''Actinorhytis calapparia'' is found in New Guinea and the [[Image:AcDSCN0023.JPG|thumb|left|400px|Actinorhytis callaparia palm, on the roadside near Gihinathena, on the way to Hatton, Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe.]]Solomon Islands. Tropical rainforests from sea level to 1000 m (3000').
[[Image:AcDSCN0023.JPG|thumb|left|400px|Actinorhytis callaparia palm, on the roadside near Gihinathena, on the way to Hatton, Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe, edric.]]
+
 
 +
Actinorhytis calapparia is native to New Guinea and the Solomon Islands thriving in lowland rain forest from sea level to 1,000 m (3,300 ft). While understory subjects for much of their life, they eventually reach the top of the forest canopy. The species is also reportedly naturalised in Thailand, Sumatra, and peninsular Malaysia.
 
==Description==
 
==Description==
 
Actinorhytis calapparia originates from Papua New Guinea and The Soloman Islands, where it grows in low to mid elevation rainforests. It is a tall, solitary palm to 15m/48' and eventually grows above the canopy of the rainforest into full sun. The slender, light grey trunk only reaches 200mm/8" in diameter and is prominently ringed with the scars of old leaf bases. Above the trunk it forms a 900 mm/3' long, pale green crownshaft, similar in diameter to the trunk. The open crown is formed by a relatively small number of 3m/10' long, heavily recurved, pinnate leaves, which are dark green with several, narrow leaflets up to 450 mm/18" in length. A monoceious palm, it forms cream flowers of both sexes, which produce large, 75 mm/3" ovoid fruit that ripen to red or reddish purple. This is a reasonably fast growing species, given plenty of nutrients and moisture and, although it will take light frosts, it will not tolerate sustained periods of cold and is generally regarded as only suitable for tropical and warmer subtropical areas. Whilst it will take full sun at maturity, smaller plants require plenty of shade and will become easily damaged by exposure to direct sunlight. In cooler areas it can only really be used in large indoor atriums with plenty of available light and humidity. a slender feather palm, oval red fruits to 6 cm (2.5"). Editing by edric.
 
Actinorhytis calapparia originates from Papua New Guinea and The Soloman Islands, where it grows in low to mid elevation rainforests. It is a tall, solitary palm to 15m/48' and eventually grows above the canopy of the rainforest into full sun. The slender, light grey trunk only reaches 200mm/8" in diameter and is prominently ringed with the scars of old leaf bases. Above the trunk it forms a 900 mm/3' long, pale green crownshaft, similar in diameter to the trunk. The open crown is formed by a relatively small number of 3m/10' long, heavily recurved, pinnate leaves, which are dark green with several, narrow leaflets up to 450 mm/18" in length. A monoceious palm, it forms cream flowers of both sexes, which produce large, 75 mm/3" ovoid fruit that ripen to red or reddish purple. This is a reasonably fast growing species, given plenty of nutrients and moisture and, although it will take light frosts, it will not tolerate sustained periods of cold and is generally regarded as only suitable for tropical and warmer subtropical areas. Whilst it will take full sun at maturity, smaller plants require plenty of shade and will become easily damaged by exposure to direct sunlight. In cooler areas it can only really be used in large indoor atriums with plenty of available light and humidity. a slender feather palm, oval red fruits to 6 cm (2.5"). Editing by edric.
 +
 +
The species is solitary trunked, reaching 12–14 metres (39–46 ft) in height, and is relatively slender, usually no wider than 20 centimetres (8 in). At the base, the white to tan trunks are anchored by a large, conical mass of aerial roots and are topped by a distinct 1-metre (3 ft) crownshaft, slightly bulging at the base. The leaf crown is sparse but spherical, each arching leaf is around 3 m (10 ft) long with pinnately arranged 45-centimetre (18 in) leaflets which are dark green in colour. The leaflets are closely and regularly arranged along the rachis and the abaxially rounded petiole is usually long in youth but shorter in maturity.
 +
 +
The much branched monoecious inflorescence forms below the leaf bases, ringing the trunk with cream-coloured male and female flowers. Both sexes carry three sepals and three petals and in both cases the sepals are two or three times longer than the petals. The inflorescence becomes pendent as the large fruit set; the beaked, ovoid fruit are red to purple to green; each fruit contains one seed. (Riffle, Robert L. and Craft, Paul (2003) An Encyclopedia of Cultivated Palms. Portland: Timber Press.)
 
==Culture==
 
==Culture==
Cold sensitive, so it likes a sunny, well drained position in a tropical setting.
+
Cold sensitive, so it likes a sunny, well drained position in a tropical setting. Actinorhytis calapparia is widely cultivated in Southeast Asia and Malesia where villagers attribute it magical or medicinal powers, or as a substitute to betel.[4] They have little tolerance for drought, requiring generous water as well as nutrient rich soil; they do, however, exhibit some tolerance to cold. (Riffle, Robert L. and Craft, Paul (2003) An Encyclopedia of Cultivated Palms. Portland: Timber Press.)
 
==Comments and Curiosities==
 
==Comments and Curiosities==
 
This is a [[monotypic]] genus.
 
This is a [[monotypic]] genus.
  
 
A Betel Nut substitute, and becoming popular in Southeast Asia due to supposed magical medicinal powers.
 
A Betel Nut substitute, and becoming popular in Southeast Asia due to supposed magical medicinal powers.
 +
 +
<br clear="all">
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{{#Widget:AdResban}}
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<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="" widths="" heights="">
 +
image:7ba9a698-4fd0-4244-a712-d103d05c4ad0.jpg|Papua New Guinea. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 +
image:Bcaf6da3-40af-4147-a2b6-6284aaa78bf9.jpg|Lae Botanic Garden, Papua New Guinea. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 +
image:F6b5c503-9f99-4a19-812b-d1f9cc77a24e.jpg|Areca catechu on right; cultivated. Bukit Lagong, West Malaysia, Malaysia. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 +
image:E1238cd7-2153-45cc-b759-7e8c8d87c8f2.jpg|Bosman, Ramu, Papua New Guinea. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 +
image:E209457e-c255-4654-929f-439bad805363.jpg|Papua New Guinea. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 +
image:464bb855-bc8b-4058-af21-dd66ce556afd.jpg|Bulolo-Lae Road, Morobe, Papua New Guinea. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 +
image:B1734f29-bbd2-4b74-b875-6e914afd550c.jpg|Papua New Guinea. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 +
Image:Actino cal seed.jpg|Various stages of seed ripening
 +
Image:Actinorhytis_zoo.jpg|[http://www.hilozoo.com/ Pana`ewa Zoo], Hilo, Hawaii.
 +
Image:Actinorhytis pair HU.jpg|U of H Hilo.
 +
Image:Actinorhytis_seed.jpg|Hawaii.
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image:Actinorhytis_calapparia.jpg
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image:Actinorhytis_calapparia01.jpg
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image:Actinorhytis_calapparia02.jpg
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image:Calaparia1.jpg|Papua New Guinea. Photo by Rolf Kyburz
 +
image:Calaparia2.jpg|Papua New Guinea. Photo by Rolf Kyburz
 +
image:Calapparia.jpg|PNG. Photo by Andre de Does
 +
image:Calapparia03.jpg|East Sepik, PNG. Photo by Rolf Kyburz
 +
image:Spd_20060209121849_b.jpg
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image:Ac111.jpg
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image:Ac222.jpg
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image:Ac333.jpg
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image:Ac444.jpg
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image:Actinorhytis_calapparia1.jpg|NEW GUNIEA: Near Mumeng, Morabe, March, 1964.
 +
image:Actinorhytis_calapparia2.jpg|CUBA: Soledad
 +
image:Actinorhytis_calapparia3.jpg|CUBA: Soledad, March 1952.
 +
image:AcDSCF1598.jpg|Actinorhytis callaparia palm, on the roadside near Gihinathena, on the way to Hatton, Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe
 +
image:AcDSCF1713.jpg|Actinorhytis callaparia palm, on the roadside near Gihinathena, on the way to Hatton, Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe
 +
image:AcDSCF2032.jpg|Seeds from this tree, on the roadside near Gihinathena, on the way to Hatton, Sri Lanka. Poto by Philippe
 +
image:AcDSCN0020.JPG|Actinorhytis callaparia palm, on the roadside near Gihinathena, on the way to Hatton, Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe
 +
image:AcDSCN0023.JPG|Actinorhytis callaparia palm, on the roadside near Gihinathena, on the way to Hatton, Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe
 +
image:AcDSCN0037.JPG|Seedlings acquired from beneath palm, on the roadside near Gihinathena, on the way to Hatton, Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe
 +
File:AcDSCN0509.jpg|Seedlings acquired from beneath palm, on the roadside near Gihinathena, on the way to Hatton, Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe
 +
File:AcDSCN0511.jpg|Seedlings acquired from beneath palm, on the roadside near Gihinathena, on the way to Hatton, Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe
 +
File:AcDSCN0710.jpg|Seedlings acquired from beneath palm, on the roadside near Gihinathena, on the way to Hatton, Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe
 +
File:Kandy_road_JPG.jpg|Actinorhytis callaparia palm on the roadside near Gihinathena, on the way to Hatton, Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe.
 +
 +
File:jpg_Nella_Actinorhitis_calliparia_i_fiori_maschili_maturano_prima_di_quelli_femminili_c_Giuseppe_Mazza.jpg|Photo: Monaco Nature Encyclopedia
 +
File:getimage.jpg|Photo: florafaunaweb.nparks.gov.sg
 +
File:getimage (81).jpg|Photo: florafaunaweb.nparks.gov.sg
 +
File:getimage (72).jpg|Photo: florafaunaweb.nparks.gov.sg
 +
 +
File:DSC_79996d.jpg|Photo: efloraofindia
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File:DSC_79984a.jpg|Photo: efloraofindia
 +
File:DSC_79978g.jpg|Photo: efloraofindia
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File:DSC_79976e.jpg|Photo: efloraofindia
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File:DSC_73995b.jpg|Photo: efloraofindia
 +
File:DSC_79495c.jpg|Photo: efloraofindia
 +
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File:6046901050_8d1f8aa124_o.jpg|Montgomery Botanical Gardens, Miami. Photo by Kyle Wicomb.
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File:post-1300-037188900 1320960252.jpg|Hilo, Hawaii. Photo by Tim Brian.
 +
File:post-1300-076148900 1320960233.jpg|Hilo, Hawaii. Photo by Tim Brian.
 +
File:post-1300-046327000 1320960218.jpg|Hilo, Hawaii. Photo by Tim Brian.
 +
 +
File:P1050380.jpg.e0e27f2b045351d3d7040c77471b7e57.jpg|Hilo, Hawaii. Photo by Tim Brian.
 +
File:P1050381.jpg.136989313c7c4970e9fc4b4a5705dd40.jpg|Hilo, Hawaii. Photo by Tim Brian.
 +
File:P1050383.jpg.569259cbb19f43787a5515f29962ae02.jpg|Hilo, Hawaii. Photo by Tim Brian.
 +
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File:post-6735-0-18383600-1416662521.jpg|Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe.
 +
File:post-6735-0-44502900-1416662551.jpg|Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe.
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File:post-6735-0-87784600-1416662567.jpg|Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe.
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File:post-6735-0-93111400-1416662584.jpg|Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe.
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File:post-6735-0-16159500-1416662605.jpg|Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe.
 +
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File:actinorhytis-calapparia-germinated-11190003_0_1_800x1600_38f67.jpg
 +
File:actinorhytis-calapparia-drude-ex-scheff-PBRXAJ.jpg
 +
 +
</gallery></center>
 
==External Links==
 
==External Links==
 
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]
 
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]
 
*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]
 
*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]
 
*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]
 
*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]
 +
*https://www.monaconatureencyclopedia.com/actinorhytis-calapparia/?lang=en
 +
*https://florafaunaweb.nparks.gov.sg/Special-Pages/plant-detail.aspx?id=3259
 +
*https://sites.google.com/site/efloraofindia/species/a---l/ar/arecaceae/actinorhytis-calapparia/actinorhytis-calapparia
 +
*https://www.palmtalk.org/forum/index.php?/topic/30747-actinorhytis-calapparia/
 +
*https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0nyOOXMSKG4
 
==References==
 
==References==
 
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.
 
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.
Line 44: Line 125:
 
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).
 
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).
  
<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="" widths="" heights="">
 
image:7ba9a698-4fd0-4244-a712-d103d05c4ad0z.jpg|Papua New Guinea. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 
image:Bcaf6da3-40af-4147-a2b6-6284aaa78bf9z.jpg|Lae Botanic Garden, Papua New Guinea. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 
image:F6b5c503-9f99-4a19-812b-d1f9cc77a24ez.jpg|Areca catechu on right; cultivated. Bukit Lagong, West Malaysia, Malaysia. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 
image:E1238cd7-2153-45cc-b759-7e8c8d87c8f2z.jpg|Bosman, Ramu, Papua New Guinea. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 
image:E209457e-c255-4654-929f-439bad805363z.jpg|Papua New Guinea. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 
image:464bb855-bc8b-4058-af21-dd66ce556afd.jpg|Bulolo-Lae Road, Morobe, Papua New Guinea. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 
image:B1734f29-bbd2-4b74-b875-6e914afd550c.jpg|Papua New Guinea. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 
Image:Actino cal seed.jpg|Various stages of seed ripening
 
Image:Actinorhytis_zooz.jpg|[http://www.hilozoo.com/ Pana`ewa Zoo], Hilo, Hawaii.
 
Image:Actinorhytis pair HU.jpg|U of H Hilo.
 
Image:Actinorhytis_seed.jpg|Hawaii.
 
image:Actinorhytis_calappariaz.jpg
 
image:Actinorhytis_calapparia01.jpg
 
image:Actinorhytis_calapparia02.jpg
 
image:Calaparia1z.jpg|Papua New Guinea. Photo by Rolf Kyburz, edric.
 
image:Calaparia2z.jpg|Papua New Guinea. Photo by Rolf Kyburz, edric.
 
image:Calappariaz.jpg|PNG. Photo by Andre de Does, edric.
 
image:Calapparia03z.jpg|East Sepik, PNG. Photo by Rolf Kyburz, edric.
 
image:Spd_20060209121849_bz.jpg
 
image:Ac111.jpg
 
image:Ac222z.jpg
 
image:Ac333z.jpg
 
image:Ac444z.jpg
 
image:Actinorhytis_calapparia1z.jpg|NEW GUNIEA: Near Mumeng, Morabe, March, 1964.
 
image:Actinorhytis_calapparia2z.jpg|CUBA: Soledad
 
image:Actinorhytis_calapparia3z.jpg|CUBA: Soledad, March 1952.
 
image:AcDSCF1598.jpg|Actinorhytis callaparia palm, on the roadside near Gihinathena, on the way to Hatton, Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe, edric.
 
image:AcDSCF1713.jpg|Actinorhytis callaparia palm, on the roadside near Gihinathena, on the way to Hatton, Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe, edric.
 
image:AcDSCF2032.jpg|Seeds from this tree, on the roadside near Gihinathena, on the way to Hatton, Sri Lanka. Poto by Philippe, edric.
 
image:AcDSCN0020.JPG|Actinorhytis callaparia palm, on the roadside near Gihinathena, on the way to Hatton, Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe, edric.
 
image:AcDSCN0023.JPG|Actinorhytis callaparia palm, on the roadside near Gihinathena, on the way to Hatton, Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe, edric.
 
image:AcDSCN0037.JPG|Seedlings acquired from beneath palm, on the roadside near Gihinathena, on the way to Hatton, Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe, edric.
 
image:AcDSCN0509.JPG|Seedlings acquired from beneath palm, on the roadside near Gihinathena, on the way to Hatton, Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe, edric.
 
image:AcDSCN0511.JPG|Seedlings acquired from beneath palm, on the roadside near Gihinathena, on the way to Hatton, Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe, edric.
 
image:AcDSCN0710.JPG|Seedlings acquired from beneath palm, on the roadside near Gihinathena, on the way to Hatton, Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe, edric.
 
image:Kandy_road_JPG.JPG|Actinorhytis callaparia palm on the roadside near Gihinathena, on the way to Hatton, Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe, edric.
 
image:Actinorhytis-calappariaz.jpg|Hawaiian Tropical Botanical Garden.
 
image:
 
image:
 
image:
 
</center></gallery>
 
 
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}
 
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}
 
[[Category:ACTINORHYTIS|calapparia]]
 
[[Category:ACTINORHYTIS|calapparia]]

Latest revision as of 09:05, 17 May 2019

Actinorhytis {ahk-tin-oh-REE-tiss)
calapparia (kah-lahp-pahr-EE-ah)
AcDSCF1713.jpg
Actinorhytis callaparia palm, on the roadside near Gihinathena, on the way to Hatton, Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe.
Scientific Classification
Genus: Actinorhytis {ahk-tin-oh-REE-tiss)
Species:
calapparia (kah-lahp-pahr-EE-ah)
Synonyms
None set.
Native Continent
Oceania
Oceania.gif
Morphology
Habit: Solitary
Leaf type: Pinnate
Culture
Survivability index
Common names
Calappa Palm.

Habitat and Distribution

Actinorhytis calapparia is found in New Guinea and the
Actinorhytis callaparia palm, on the roadside near Gihinathena, on the way to Hatton, Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe.
Solomon Islands. Tropical rainforests from sea level to 1000 m (3000').

Actinorhytis calapparia is native to New Guinea and the Solomon Islands thriving in lowland rain forest from sea level to 1,000 m (3,300 ft). While understory subjects for much of their life, they eventually reach the top of the forest canopy. The species is also reportedly naturalised in Thailand, Sumatra, and peninsular Malaysia.

Description

Actinorhytis calapparia originates from Papua New Guinea and The Soloman Islands, where it grows in low to mid elevation rainforests. It is a tall, solitary palm to 15m/48' and eventually grows above the canopy of the rainforest into full sun. The slender, light grey trunk only reaches 200mm/8" in diameter and is prominently ringed with the scars of old leaf bases. Above the trunk it forms a 900 mm/3' long, pale green crownshaft, similar in diameter to the trunk. The open crown is formed by a relatively small number of 3m/10' long, heavily recurved, pinnate leaves, which are dark green with several, narrow leaflets up to 450 mm/18" in length. A monoceious palm, it forms cream flowers of both sexes, which produce large, 75 mm/3" ovoid fruit that ripen to red or reddish purple. This is a reasonably fast growing species, given plenty of nutrients and moisture and, although it will take light frosts, it will not tolerate sustained periods of cold and is generally regarded as only suitable for tropical and warmer subtropical areas. Whilst it will take full sun at maturity, smaller plants require plenty of shade and will become easily damaged by exposure to direct sunlight. In cooler areas it can only really be used in large indoor atriums with plenty of available light and humidity. a slender feather palm, oval red fruits to 6 cm (2.5"). Editing by edric.

The species is solitary trunked, reaching 12–14 metres (39–46 ft) in height, and is relatively slender, usually no wider than 20 centimetres (8 in). At the base, the white to tan trunks are anchored by a large, conical mass of aerial roots and are topped by a distinct 1-metre (3 ft) crownshaft, slightly bulging at the base. The leaf crown is sparse but spherical, each arching leaf is around 3 m (10 ft) long with pinnately arranged 45-centimetre (18 in) leaflets which are dark green in colour. The leaflets are closely and regularly arranged along the rachis and the abaxially rounded petiole is usually long in youth but shorter in maturity.

The much branched monoecious inflorescence forms below the leaf bases, ringing the trunk with cream-coloured male and female flowers. Both sexes carry three sepals and three petals and in both cases the sepals are two or three times longer than the petals. The inflorescence becomes pendent as the large fruit set; the beaked, ovoid fruit are red to purple to green; each fruit contains one seed. (Riffle, Robert L. and Craft, Paul (2003) An Encyclopedia of Cultivated Palms. Portland: Timber Press.)

Culture

Cold sensitive, so it likes a sunny, well drained position in a tropical setting. Actinorhytis calapparia is widely cultivated in Southeast Asia and Malesia where villagers attribute it magical or medicinal powers, or as a substitute to betel.[4] They have little tolerance for drought, requiring generous water as well as nutrient rich soil; they do, however, exhibit some tolerance to cold. (Riffle, Robert L. and Craft, Paul (2003) An Encyclopedia of Cultivated Palms. Portland: Timber Press.)

Comments and Curiosities

This is a monotypic genus.

A Betel Nut substitute, and becoming popular in Southeast Asia due to supposed magical medicinal powers.



External Links

References

Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.

Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.

Special thanks to Palmweb.org, Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.

Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).


Many Special Thanks to Ed Vaile for his long hours of tireless editing and numerous contributions.

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