Korthalsia echinometra

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Korthalsia (kohr-tahl-SEE-ah) echinometra (eh-kihn-oh-MEH-trah)
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Gunung Penrissen, Sarawak, Malaysia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
Scientific Classification
Genus: Korthalsia (kohr-tahl-SEE-ah)
Species: echinometra (eh-kihn-oh-MEH-trah)
Synonyms
None set.
Native Continent
Asia
Asia.gif
Morphology
Habit: Clustering
Leaf type: Pinnate
Culture
Survivability index
Common names
Wi Keruk, Wi Wisro (Ib.)

Habitat and Distribution

Borneo, Malaya, and Sumatera. It occurs in lowland and hill dipterocarp forest
Murphy's Pond, Bukit Timah Natur, Singapore. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
up to 1000 m above sea level.

Description

Moderately robust clustering and branching rattan climbing to 40 m. Stem without sheaths to 2 cm diam., with sheaths to 3 cm. diam., internodes rather short to 12 cm. Sheaths bright green, sparsely armed, almost completely covered by the ocreas; ocrea to 10 × 5 cm, grossly swollen, densely covered with long black spines to 6 cm long; ants abundant within the ocreas. Leaf to 1.8 m including the cirrus to 70 cm and petiole to 10 cm or more. Leaflets numerous, c. 25 on each side of the rachis, narrowly elongate, to 30 × 3 cm, dark green on the upper surface, chalky- white beneath, praemorse only in the distalmost 3-6 cm. Inflorescences to c. 60 cm long, with up to 15 rachillae in each; rachillae to 20 × 1.5 cm, reddish-brown tomentose. Mature fruit ovoid, 2.5 × 1.5 cm, covered in 18-21 vertical rows of reddish- brown scales. Seed to 15 × 10 mm; endosperm ruminate. Seedling leaf bifid with narrow leaflets. (J. Dransfield, The Rattans of Brunei Darussalam. 1997)/Palmweb. Editing by edric.

K. echinometra is perhaps the commonest species of the genus. It is a very distinctive species, though confusingly like a rattan other than a species of Korthalsia when viewed from a distance. The very spiny swollen ocrea and narrow leaflets are diagnostic. (J. Dransfield, The Rattans of Brunei Darussalam. 1997)/Palmweb.

Culture

Cold Hardiness Zone: 10b

Comments and Curiosities

Etymology: Specific epithet from the Latin, literally; Spiny pudenda.



  • IMAGE GALLERY

  • Gunung Penrissen, Sarawak, Malaysia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • Gunung Penrissen, Sarawak, Malaysia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • Gunung Penrissen, Sarawak, Malaysia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • Poring, Sabah, Malaysia. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • Gunung Buri, Sarawak, Malaysia. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • Kuala Belalong, Brunei Darrusalam. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • Kuala Belalong, Brunei Darrusalam. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • Central Catchment, Singapore. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • Central Catchment, Singapore. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • MacRitchie Reservoir Trails, Singapore. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • MacRitchie Reservoir Trails, Singapore. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • MacRitchie Reservoir Trails, Singapore. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • MacRitchie Reservoir Trails, Singapore. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • MacRitchie Reservoir Trails, Singapore. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • Malaysia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • MacRitchie Reservoir Trails, Singapore. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • Murphy's Pond, Bukit Timah Natur, Singapore. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • Murphy's Pond, Bukit Timah Natur, Singapore. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • Murphy's Pond, Bukit Timah Natur, Singapore. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • MacRitchie Reservoir Trails, Singapore. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • Seletar, Singapore. Photo by Wee Foong Ang.

  • Seletar, Singapore. Photo by Wee Foong Ang.

  • Singapore. Photo by Kwan.

  • Singapore. Photo by Kwan.

  • Singapore. Photo by Kwan.

  • Singapore. Photo by Kwan.

  • Photo-Malaysian Biological Diversity.

  • Photo-Malaysian Biological Diversity.

  • Photo-Malaysian Biological Diversity.

  • Photo-Malaysian Biological Diversity.

  • Nong Nooch Tropical Garden, Pattaya, Thailand. "This is one of the ant rattans in which ants take up residence in the swollen ocrea and defend the palm against herbivores (and botanists!)." Photo by Dr. Scott Zona.

  • OBSERVATIONS OF ANTS AND APHIDS IN THE RATTAN SPECIES KORTHALSIA ECHINOMETRA BECC., AND KORTHALSIA ROSTRATA BLUME. Image-National University of Singapore.

  • OBSERVATIONS OF ANTS AND APHIDS IN THE RATTAN SPECIES KORTHALSIA ECHINOMETRA BECC., AND KORTHALSIA ROSTRATA BLUME. Image-National University of Singapore.

  • OBSERVATIONS OF ANTS AND APHIDS IN THE RATTAN SPECIES KORTHALSIA ECHINOMETRA BECC., AND KORTHALSIA ROSTRATA BLUME. Image-National University of Singapore.

  • OBSERVATIONS OF ANTS AND APHIDS IN THE RATTAN SPECIES KORTHALSIA ECHINOMETRA BECC., AND KORTHALSIA ROSTRATA BLUME. Image-National University of Singapore.

  • OBSERVATIONS OF ANTS AND APHIDS IN THE RATTAN SPECIES KORTHALSIA ECHINOMETRA BECC., AND KORTHALSIA ROSTRATA BLUME. Image-National University of Singapore.

  • OBSERVATIONS OF ANTS AND APHIDS IN THE RATTAN SPECIES KORTHALSIA ECHINOMETRA BECC., AND KORTHALSIA ROSTRATA BLUME. Image-National University of Singapore.

  • OBSERVATIONS OF ANTS AND APHIDS IN THE RATTAN SPECIES KORTHALSIA ECHINOMETRA BECC., AND KORTHALSIA ROSTRATA BLUME. Image-National University of Singapore.

External Links

References

Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.

Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.

Special thanks to Palmweb.org, Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.

Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).

J. Dransfield, The Rattans of Brunei Darussalam. 1997


Many Special Thanks to Ed Vaile for his long hours of tireless editing and numerous contributions.

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